4.B.EXCHANGE RATES AND THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

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As a way of recapping some content from Year 12 complete the "Find Someone Who..." activity below. Extra credit for the most interesting and exotic answers!!
A summary of the achievements of Economics students in the Class of 2018 and key dates for the Class of 2019

4.B.EXCHANGE RATES AND THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

4BA: eXCHANGE rATES:

  • Explain how the value of an exchange rate in a floating system is determined by the demand for, and supply of, a currency. 
  • Draw a diagram to show the determination of exchange rates in a floating exchange rate system. 
  • Calculate the value of one currency in terms of another currency. 
  • Calculate the exchange rate for linear demand and supply functions. 
  • Plot demand and supply curves for a currency from linear functions and identify the equilibrium exchange rate. 
  • Using exchange rates, calculate the price of a good in different currencies. 
  • Explain the factors that lead to changes in currency demand and supply. 
  • Distinguish between a depreciation of the currency and an appreciation of the currency. 
  • Draw diagrams to show changes in the demand for, and supply of, a currency.
  • Calculate the changes in the value of a currency from a set of data.
  • Evaluate the possible economic consequences of a change in the value of currency.
  • Describe a fixed exchange rate system involving commitment to a single fixed rate.
  • Distinguish between a devaluation of the currency and a revaluation of the currency.
  • Explain, using a diagram, how a fixed exchange rate is maintained. 
  • Explain how a managed exchange rate operates.
  • Examine the possible consequences of overvalued and undervalued currencies.
  • Compare and contrast a fixed exchange rate system with a floating exchange rate system.
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why: PROBLEMS ARISE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FLOWS THAT AFFECT A COUNTRIES ECONOMIC FORTUNES
hOW: consider some real world examples of problems arising in international monetary flows and participate in an introductory simulation to consider some of the major themes in foreign exchange.


  • $2.383 trillion in foreign exchange swaps per day!!!!!!

Lesson 1: Exchange rATE DETERMINATION


​Key IDEA:

The demand for foreign currencies generates a supply of domestic currency; and demand for domestic currency generates a supply of foreign currencies, In a simple two-currency example using pounds and yen, it follows that:

Demand for pounds = Supply of yen
Demand for yen = Supply of pounds

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INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEOS
7. Speculation

Summary of the causes of changes in exchange rates:

  1. Foreign demand for a countries exports
  2. Domestic demand for imports
  3. Relative interest rate changes
  4. Relative rates of inflation
  5. Investment from abroad
  6. Changes in income
  7. Speculation
  8. ​Use of foreign currency reserves

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exchange rate simulation:

CONCEPTS:
  • Exchange rates
  • Money
  • Markets
  • Supply
  • Demand
  • Currency exchange
  • ​Floating exchange rates
  • Demand
  • Supply
  • Market clearing price
  • Transaction cost

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Markets bash Argentina's and Turkey's currencies again

THE first YouTube video, posted in 2005, showed the site's 25-year-old co-founder standing in front of elephants at the San Diego zoo. One of its most recent videos is a little different: it shows Argentina's president, Mauricio Macri, explaining why he needs the IMF to stand in front of the bears destroying his country's currency.

Why countries like Argentina and Turkey fret about exchange rates

IMAGINE if Milton Friedman had been put in charge of a central bank, only to lose his job for expanding the money supply too quickly. Or if Robert Shiller, the Nobel-prizewinning author of "Irrational Exuberance", were given a similar post, only to depart having allowed a stockmarket bubble to inflate.

The Big Mac index

THE Big Mac index is a lighthearted guide to whether currencies are at their "correct" level. It is based on the theory of purchasing-power parity (PPP), the notion that global exchange rates should eventually adjust to make the price of identical baskets of tradable goods the same in each country.

Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are useless

AN OLD saying holds that markets are ruled by either greed or fear. Greed once governed cryptocurrencies. The price of Bitcoin, the best-known, rose from about $900 in December 2016 to $19,000 a year later. Recently, fear has been in charge.


Home Learning:
​Either/and
Complete notes 381 to 386 in tragakes
​Complete questions 1 to 17 below

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Paper 1 - Part a qUESTION

With the aid of a diagram explain 2 causes of a change in the exchange rate of a country's currency (10 marks)

Complete the Part a question from Paper 1 above. It should take you no more than 25 minutes. When you have completed this ask your teacher for the answer key and mark scheme.


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Floating, Fixed, pegged and managed float

How: Develop understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of each system by looking at these systems of exchange.
Why: The exchange rate system is a key determinant of monetary flows and wealth in the global economy.
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​https://www.xe.com/currencycharts/?from=AUD&to=PGK&view=5Y
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Explaining changes in the foreign exchange markets: Using Prezi Video explain how:
The value of a currency is maintained in a floating  exchange rate system
What causes a currency appreciation and depreciation
Use the scenarios above to explain how currency values are maintained in a fixed exchange rate (at least 3)
What are the pros and cons of an undervalued exchange rate and an overvalued exchange rate?
What are the pros and cons of the floating, managed and fixed exchange rate system?
ENSURE THAT YOUR PRESENTATION CONTAINS DIAGRAMS DEMONSTRATING CHANGE, MAKE SURE YOU EXPLAIN WHY!
Year 13 Group 3 Films
Finlay, Kieran, Lars
Batyr, Henry - Part 1
Batyr, Henry - Part 2
\
Year 13 Group 6 Films

aCTIVITY 1: reflecting on the simulation

Go back to the discussion forums that contain our driving questions, reflect on the forum below or another suitable question and write down the key understandings that you gained from the simulation:
"How much harmonization is desirable"

How fixed would a gold standard actually be?

ON Monday, your blogger took part in a BBC radio discussion involving Detlev Schlichter, the author of Paper Money Collapse: the Folly of Elastic Money and the Coming Monetary Breakdown. Mr Schlichter's argument will be familiar to fans of Ron Paul, although they are less often aired on this side of the Atlantic.

What was decided at the Bretton Woods summit

ON JULY 1ST 1944 the rich world's finance experts convened in a hotel in the New Hampshire mountains to discuss the post-war monetary system. The Bretton Woods system that emerged from the conference saw the creation of two global institutions that still play important roles today, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.

Don't cheer a devaluation

THE pound has dropped to its lowest level against the dollar since March 2009, on fears that the support of Boris Johnson, London's mayor, for the Leave campaign has made Brexit more likely. While Mr Johnson's economic adviser, Gerard Lyons, manfully suggested on BBC Radio 4's The World at One that the decline was little to do with Brexit, the facts are against him.

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Balance of payments

You should be able to:
  • Outline the role of the balance of payments. 
  • Distinguish between debit items and credit items in the balance of payments.
  • Explain the four components of the current account. 
  • Distinguish between a current account deficit and a current account surplus. 
  • Explain the two components of the capital account. 
  • Explain the three main components of the financial account. 
  • Calculate elements of the balance of payments from a set of data. 
  • Explain how the current account balance is equal to the sum of the capital account and financial account balances.
  • Examine how the current account and the financial account are interdependent. 
  • Explain why a deficit in the current account of the balance of payments may result in downward pressure on the exchange rate of the currency.
  • Discuss the implications of a persistent current account deficit.
  • Explain the methods that a government can use to correct a persistent current account deficit.
  • Evaluate the effectiveness of the policies to correct a persistent current account deficit.
  • State the Marshall–Lerner condition. 
  • Apply the Marshall–Lerner condition to the effect of devaluation/depreciation on the current account. 
  • Explain the J-curve effect, with reference to the Marshall–Lerner condition. 
  • Explain why a surplus in the current account of the balance of payments may result in upward pressure on the exchange rate of the currency. 
  • Discuss the possible consequences of a rising current account surplus.
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What a rising current-account surplus means for the euro area

GREECE'S third bail-out programme came to an end on August 20th. A look at the causes of the country's near-decade of crisis illustrates how external imbalances can reflect underlying troubles. Gaps in public finances, as well as investments in property, were financed by borrowing from Germany and other northern European countries.

Why is macroeconomics so hard to teach?

LAST month Nick Rowe had a bad dream. It was five minutes before the first class of the autumn term at Carleton University in Ottawa, where he has long taught macroeconomics. But he could not find the classroom. Then he woke up and remembered with relief that he had just retired.

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Balance of payments - Office for National Statistics

All economic transactions between residents of the UK and the rest of the world.

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Germany's low investment rate leaves its infrastructure creaking

A VERDANT suburb in the northern state of Schleswig-Holstein, Pinneberg epitomises the Germany of record consumer confidence, booming exports and a bulging federal budget surplus. Here commuters stream off trains from Hamburg (local unemployment is 4.9%), climb into big cars and zip home to neat houses with solar panels on the roof.

China may soon run its first annual current-account deficit in decades

T HAT CHINA sells more to the world than it buys from it can seem like an immutable feature of the economic landscape. Every year for a quarter of a century China has run a current-account surplus (roughly speaking, the sum of its trade balance and net income from foreign investments).

What is a current-account deficit?

Explaining the world, daily The Economist explains ECONOMISTS often worry about a country's current-account deficit. Turkey's is around 4% of GDP. Last year Britain's was around 4.5% of GDP. America has also run a large current-account deficit for years. What does this mean, and should people worry about it?

Germany's current-account surplus is a problem

WHAT awkward timing. On February 9th Germany reported the world's largest current-account surplus, of about €270bn (almost $300bn), beating even China's. Meanwhile, the country with the world's biggest deficit remains America, which under its new president, Donald Trump, is browbeating friend and foe alike in the name of putting "America first".

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Exchange rates student presentations:

  • Middle School
    • Pride, Unity and Respect Inquiries >
      • November - Native American Heritage Month
    • Assessment in Middle School Humanities
    • Parent support Materials
    • Year 9 Humanities >
      • An Introduction to Year 9 Humanires
      • Year 9 Geography >
        • Is Development a good thing? >
          • How can development be measured?
          • Why are some countries LEDCs?
          • Can the development gap be reduced?
          • What are the issues in MEDCs? Case study Japan
        • How can we ensure responsible consumption and production? >
          • The chocolate trade
          • What is the real cost of fashion?
          • The circular economy
          • Dragon's Den Assessment
        • Extreme Environments >
          • How do people live in cold environments?
          • The Sirius Patrol: Surviving in Extreme Environments
          • Mt Everest
          • Deserts
      • Year 9 History >
        • Teacher Documents
        • 1. EAST MEETS WEST >
          • 1A. WHY DO CIVILISATIONS EXPAND?
          • 1.B THE ROLE OF POLITICAL UNITY AND TRADE
          • 1.C THE ROLE OF TRADE
          • 1.D THE ROLE OF THE INDIVIDUAL
          • 1.E THE FIRST CRUSADE
          • 1E. ASSESSMENT: THE BENEFITS OF INTERCONNECTEDNESS OUTWEIGH THE COSTS TO HUMANITY' EVALUATE THIS STATEMENT IN REFERENCE TO THE PERIOD 250AD-1250AD
        • 2. THE NEW WORLD >
          • Ancient civilizations of the Americas
          • The conquest of the Americas
          • WHAT MADE THOMAS CLARKSON SO ANGRY?
        • THE TWENTIETH CENTURY RESEARCH PROJECT
        • 4. THE BIG IDEA: WHY WAS THE FIRST 50 YEARS OF THE 20TH CENTURY THE MOST VIOLENT? >
          • 4.A FIRST GLOBALIZATION 1750-1914
          • 4.B LONG WAR 1914-1990
        • YEAR 9 END OF YEAR ASSESSMENT
    • Year 8 Humanities >
      • Topic 1: Where is the riskiest place to live in the USA? >
        • What makes a disaster?
        • Hazard, Risk or Disaster?
        • Population patterns USA
        • Hazard 1: Hurricanes >
          • Case Study 1: Harvey 2017
          • Case Study 2: Michael 2018
          • Case Study 3: Hurricane Season 2021
        • Hazard 2: Tornadoes >
          • Case Study 2: Moore Tornado
        • Hazard 3: Tectonics in the USA >
          • Case Study 3
        • Hazard 4: Wildfires
        • Hazards Final Assessment
      • Topic 2: The Changing Story of Power >
        • Part 1: From King to Parliament >
          • Case Study: English Kings
          • Could Kings do what ever they wanted?
          • The growth of Parliament
          • The Reformation
          • Charles I
        • Part 2: From Parliament to People >
          • The Enlightenment
          • The American War of Independence
          • Why were the French so Angry?
          • How did the Enlightenment affect Britain?
          • The Fight for Women's Rights
          • Did the militant actions of the Suffragettes help or hinder the cause of votes for women?
          • Why did women win the vote?
        • Assessment >
          • Revision of Turning Points
      • Topic 3: How can we become positive change makers? >
        • Our World in 2045
        • What are the long-term causes of climate change?
        • The Industrial Revolution and climate
        • significant Inventions
        • Costs and benefits of Industrialization
        • The enhanced Greenhouse effect
        • The impact of climate change
        • Is the World that bad?
        • What is the problem with plastic?
        • How can we manage climate change?
        • Earth Day
        • Mitigation and adaptation strategies
        • Protest as a means of change
        • Change maker project
        • Y8: Model United Nations
    • Year 7 Humanities >
      • Year 7 Geography >
        • Biomes
        • Microclimate Investigation
        • How did the impacts of the Haiti and Japanese earthquake compare?
        • Topic 2 Migration
        • Geography in the news
      • Year 7 History >
        • 1. The Ancient World >
          • a. Prehistoric Life >
            • Middle School History
          • b. Egypt or Rome? >
            • Historical Enquiry - Comparing Ancient Societies
            • Ancient Egypt
            • Ancient Rome
          • Assessment
        • 2. The Medieval World >
          • "Muck and Misery" Investigation
          • Medieval Guidebook Assessment
          • Medieval Baghdad
        • 3. The American West >
          • Native American Culture
          • The First Settlers
          • Pioneers
          • Cowboys and cow towns
          • Impact of settlement on the Native Americans
          • Assessment
        • 4. The Industrial World >
          • The Urban Game
        • 5. Civil Rights
        • 8 . Digital Library
  • HS Geography
    • IB Geography >
      • Introduction to IB Geography
      • Paper 1- Geographic Themes >
        • Urban Environments >
          • Urban sections 1-3
          • Sustainable Cities
        • Leisure, sport and Tourism >
          • Introduction to Leisure, sport and tourism
          • A global sporting event- The Olympics
          • Managing Rural Tourism Hotspots
          • Managing urban tourism hotspots
          • Tourism as a development strategy
          • Sustainable tourism
          • Variations in Sphere of Influence
          • The impact of Rural festivals
        • Geophysical Hazards >
          • Earthquakes
          • Volcanoes
          • Landslides
      • Paper 2: Geographic perspectives >
        • Changing populations >
          • Population density
          • Processes of population change >
            • Megacities
            • Forced migration
          • Possibilities of population change >
            • Aging population
            • Population policies
            • Gender Equality
            • Human trafficking
            • Demographic dividend
          • Debate: Should the UN curb population growth?
          • Population revision
        • Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience >
          • The causes of global climate change
          • Impacts of climate change
          • ​Disparities in exposure to climate change risk and vulnerability
          • GOVERNMENT LED ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES
          • Civil society and corporate strategies to address climate change
        • Global resource consumption and security >
          • Global trends in consumption >
            • GLOBAL AND REGIONAL/CONTINENTAL PROGRESS TOWARDS POVERTY REDUCTION.
            • Measuring trends in global consumption
            • Patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of water
            • Global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of land/food
            • Global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of energy
          • Nexus thinking >
            • Two countries with contrasting levels of resource security...
            • Waste disposal and recycling
          • Resource Stewardship >
            • Divergent thinking about population and resource consumption trends
            • The circular economy
        • Infographics
      • Paper 3: Global Interactions >
        • Power, place and networks >
          • Global networks and flows
          • Global Interactions & Global Power
          • Human and physical influences on global interactions
        • HUMAN DEVELOPMENT & DIVERSITY >
          • Development opportunities
          • Changing cultures and identities
          • Cultural Hybridity
          • Local responses to global interactions
        • Environmental risks
        • Geopolitical and economic risks
      • IB Revision- mocks 2021
      • IB Revision
      • Internal Assessment
      • Extended Essay in Geography
    • New IGCSE Edexcel Geography >
      • Paper 1 - Physical Geography >
        • Hazardous Environments
      • Paper 2 - Human Geography >
        • Urban Environments
        • Economic Activity and Energy
        • Fragile Environments and Climate Change
    • IGCSE Geography >
      • Population and Settlement >
        • Population >
          • Why is population growing?
          • Population density and distribution
          • Over and Under population
          • Dependent populations
          • Population policy: One Child policy China
          • HIV and AIDs
          • Migration
          • Population revision
          • Debate: Should the UN curb population growth?
        • Settlement >
          • Settlement and service provision
          • Urbanisation
      • Natural Environment >
        • Earthquakes and Volcanoes >
          • Plate tectonics
          • Case study of a volcano: Montserrat
          • Haiti Earthquake
          • Why do people live in hazardous areas?
          • Tectonics revision
          • REVISION- WHAT HAPPENS AT TECTONIC PLATES?
        • Rivers >
          • Hydrological characteristics and processes
          • River Landforms
          • Benefits and threats of rivers
          • Management of rivers: Hard and Soft engineering
          • Rivers revison
        • Coasts >
          • Coastal processes
          • Coastal management
          • Different coastal environments
          • Mangroves
          • Hurricanes- cyclone Alia, Bangladesh
          • Hurricanes- Hurricane Harvey
          • Coasts revision
          • Coastal skills
        • Weather and Climate >
          • Weather measurements
          • The Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem
          • Deserts
          • Climate and vegetation revsion
      • Economic Development >
        • 3.1 Development
        • Industry
        • Globalisation
        • Food production
        • Water
        • Tourism
        • Energy
        • Environmental risks of economic development
        • economic development revision
      • Geographical Enquiry
      • Paper 2 Geographical Skills
      • Paper 4: Fieldwork paper
      • IGCSE Revision
      • IGCSE Revision for mid course assessments April 2021
      • Paper 1: Knowledge paper revision for mocks 2022
  • HS Economics
    • IB ECONOMICS TEACHER PAGES >
      • Activity Styles
    • Year 10 >
      • 1.0 THE BASIC ECONOMIC PROBLEM
      • 2.0 HOW MARKETS WORK AND MARKET FAILURE
      • 3.0 THE INDIVIDUAL AS PRODUCER, CONSUMER AND BORROWER >
        • 3.3 Workers
        • 3.4 Firms
        • 3.5 Small firms and causes and forms of the growth of firms
        • 3.6 Economies and diseconomies of scale
        • 3.7 Firms costs, revenues and objectives
        • 3.8 Firms and Production
        • 3.9.5 Monopoly Markets
      • REVISION OF UNITS 1, 2 AND 3
      • SUMMER LEARNING
    • Year 11 >
      • 4.0 THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN AN ECONOMY >
        • 4.1 Introduction to Macroeconomics
        • 4.1.1 The Role of Government
        • 4.2.1 Macroeconomic Aims of Government
        • 4.2.3 Economic Growth
        • 4.7 EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT
        • 4.8 INFLATION
        • 4.4.0 FISCAL POLICY
        • 4.4.1 MONETARY POLICY
        • 4.1.2 SUPPLY-SIDE POLICIES AND MACROECONOMICS REVISION
      • 5.0 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT >
        • Top Trumps: Economic Development
        • 5.1 DIFFERENCES IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
        • 5.3.1 POVERTY
        • 5.3 POPULATION
      • 6.0 INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS >
        • 6.2 ​GLOBALISATION, FREE TRADE AND PROTECTION
        • 6.3 EXCHANGE RATES AND THE CURRENT ACCOUNT
      • iGCSE Economics Revision Sessions - May 23rd to June 1st
      • Revision Support
    • Year 12 >
      • 1. Introduction to Economics
      • 2. Microeconomics >
        • 2.A. COMPETITIVE MARKETS: DEMAND AND SUPPLY >
          • HL Demand FE 2022
        • 2.B.ELASTICITIES
        • 2.C.GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION >
          • INQUIRY: EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN ACHIEVING SDG 12: RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION
          • HL 2020 Government intervention
        • 2.D.MARKET FAILURE >
          • To What Extent Does the American Health Care Market Represent a Market Failure?
        • HL: RATIONAL PRODUCER BEHAVIOR
        • 2.E.THE THEORY OF THE FIRM 1: PRODUCTION, COSTS, REVENUES, AND PROFIT HL
        • 2.F.THE THEORY OF THE FIRM II: MARKET STRUCTURES HL
        • Real World Examples: Theory of the Firm
      • 3. Macroeconomics >
        • 2A. THE LEVEL OF OVERALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
        • 2B. AGGREGATE DEMAND
        • 2C. AGGREGATE SUPPLY
        • THE MULTIPLIER (HL)
        • INFLATION
        • THE PHILLIPS CURVE (HL)
        • LOW UNEMPLOYMENT
        • EQUITY IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME
        • ECONOMIC GROWTH
        • OVERVIEW OF DEMAND-SIDE AND SUPPLY-SIDE POLICIES
        • FISCAL POLICY
        • MONETARY POLICY
        • SUPPLY-SIDE POLICIES
      • Exam Papers
      • IA's >
        • IA Marking Exercise
        • Economic Diagrams
      • Extended Essay in Economics
      • SUMMER LEARNING
    • Year 13 >
      • 4. International Economics >
        • 4.A.International trade
        • 4.B.Exchange rates and the balance of payments
        • 4.C.Economics integration and the terms of trade
        • 4.D.Be ambitious resources
      • 5. Development Economics >
        • Understanding Economic Development
        • Topics in Economic Development
        • Foreign sources of finance and foreign debt
        • Consequences of economic growth and the balance between markets and intervention
      • IB Economics - Exams
      • IB ECONOMICS REVISION PAGES >
        • REAL WORLD EXAMPLES
        • Give Me Fives
        • Economics Past Papers
        • Student Video Tutorials
        • Additional Revision Activities
        • 2022 MOCK EXAM
    • Digital library
    • TOK Inspired Economics Page
    • Process for Deciding Economics University Predicted Grades
  • HS History
    • What is History?
    • IBDP History >
      • Pre - IB History
      • Rationale
      • Introductory Tasks
      • Perspectives Blog
      • IB History Revision Sessions - April 6th to May 1st
      • Paper 1 - Prescribed Subject >
        • Military Leaders >
          • Genghis Khan 1200-1227 >
            • Introduction to the Mongols
            • Mongol Historiography
            • Rise to Power
            • Military Might
            • Leadership
            • Campaigns in China and Asia
            • Impact of the Mongols
            • TOK - Genghis
          • King Richard I of England 1173-1199 >
            • Medieval England
            • Richard I - Life before 1189
            • Richard I - Crusader King 1190 - 1193
            • Richard I - Military Leadership
            • Richard - Impact
            • Richard I - Reputation and Historiography
            • TOK - Richard I
          • Paper 1: Rights and Protest
          • Source Skills
      • Paper 2 - World History Topics >
        • Essay Writing Skills - Paper 2
        • Authoritarian States >
          • Theory
          • MCA Feedback and Reflection
          • Hitler >
            • Emergence and rise to power >
              • HOW MUCH HOPE WAS THERE FOR THE SURVIVAL OF THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC 1919-29?
              • HOW DID THE AIMS AND IDEOLOGY OF THE NAZI PARTY DEVELOP BETWEEN 1919-1923
              • HOW FAR DID THE CONDITIONS OF 1929-33CONTRIBUTE TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NAZI STATE?
              • WHERE DID SUPPORT FOR NATIONAL SOCIALISM COME FROM?
            • Consolidation and maintenance of power >
              • HOW DID HITLER CONSOLIDATE HIS POWER TO CREATE AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME?
              • WHAT PART DID PERSONALITY AND PROPAGANDA PLAY IN THE CONSOLIDATION OF POWER?
              • WHAT WERE THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIONAL SOCIALIST GOVERNMENT?
              • WHAT WAS THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF OPPOSITION TO NAZI RULE AND HOW WAS IT DEALT WITH?
              • WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN POLICY ON HITLER'S CONSOLIDATION AND MAINTENANCE OF POWER?
            • Aims and results of policies
          • Mao >
            • Emergence and Rise to Power
            • Consolidation and maintenance of power
            • Aims and results of policies
          • Castro >
            • Castro RTP
            • Castro Establisment and consolidation
            • Castro: Aims and results of policies
          • Policies In Germany and Cuba >
            • Nazi Policies - Aims and outcomes
            • Castro Policies - Aims and Outcomes
        • Independence movements 1800 - 2000 >
          • Ireland - Europe >
            • 1. The origins rise and rise of independence movements >
              • 1.a. WHAT SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT?
              • 1.b. EARLY INDEPENDENCE CAMPAIGNING - WOLFE TONE
              • 1.c. SOCIAL DIVISIONS WITHIN IRELAND
              • 1.d. ECONOMIC FACTORS
              • 1.e. WHAT POLITICAL FACTORS LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT IN IRELAND?
              • f. What external factors were important in creating an independence movement.
            • 2. Methods used and reasons for success >
              • 2. a WHAT METHODS WERE USED IN THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE 1867 TO 1900? >
                • 2.b.​WHY DID THE INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT SUCCEED?
                • 2.b. WHAT WERE THE ROLES OF MICHAEL COLLINS AND EAMON DE VALERA IN THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE?
                • 2.c.
            • 3. Challenges faced in the first 10 years after independence; and the responses to those challenges. >
              • 3.a.
              • 3.b.
              • 3.c.
              • 3.d.
              • 3.e.
            • IRISH 'BE AMBITIOUS' RESOURCES
          • India - Asia >
            • Origin and rise of the Independence Movement >
              • 1857 and Colonial India
              • The Growth of Nationalism
              • Factors in the rise of the Independence Movement
            • Methods and success of the Independence Movement >
              • Leadership in India
              • Why did India win independence?
            • Challenges facing the newly independent state
          • Cuba - The Americas >
            • origins of Cuban Independence before 1823
      • Paper 3 - History of Europe >
        • THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 1774 TO 1815 >
          • The Enlightenment
          • The Origins of the French Revolution
          • 1789: THE END OF THE ANCIEN REGIME
          • Establishing a Constitutional Monarchy
          • Revolutionary War and overthrow of the Monarchy 1792 - 93
          • Government by Terror 1793-4
          • THERMIDORIAN REACTION AND THE DIRECTORY 1794-9
          • THE IMPACT OF THE REVOLUTION
          • NAPOLEON: CONSULATE AND EMPIRE
          • DIGITAL RESOURCES: FRENCH REVOLUTION
        • Imperial Russia 1854 - 1924 >
          • Alexander II
          • Alexander III and Nicholas I
          • 1905 - Revolution
          • Nicholas II and the impact of the First World War
          • The Revolution 1917
          • Lenin and the Soviet Union
      • Internal Assessment (IA) >
        • Formulating a Question
        • Initial Proposal
        • IA Section 1
        • IA Section 2
        • IA Section 3
        • IA Referencing
        • Marking Exercise
        • Timeline Class of 2018
      • Core >
        • Extended Essay
        • Theory of Knowledge
        • CAS
    • New IGCSE Edexcel History >
      • A1 Origins & Course of WW1
      • B2 Changes in Medicine
      • D3 Weimar & Nazi Germany
    • IGCSE Cambridge History >
      • Revision Checklists
      • REVISION Past Papers >
        • MODEL Paper 1
        • MODEL Paper 2 >
          • MODEL Paper 2: Cold War Causes
          • MODEL Paper 2: Treaties
      • Depth Study A: WW1 >
        • 1. Why was war not over by December 1914?
        • 2. Why was there stalemate on the Western Front?
        • 3. How important were other fronts?
        • 4. Why did Germany ask for an armistice in 1918?
        • WW1 EXAM QUESTIONS
      • Core Content 1: Treaties
      • Core Content 2 & 3: League 20s & 30s
      • Core Content 4 : Blame for Cold War?
      • Core Content 5: Cold War Conflicts
      • Depth Study B: Germany >
        • 1. Was the Weimar Republic doomed from start?
        • 2. Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934?
        • 3a. How effectively did the Nazis control Germany?
        • 3b. What was it like to live in Nazi Germany?
  • SOCIOLOGY HOME
    • Unit 1: Theory and Methods >
      • How do sociologists study society?
    • Unit 4: Family
    • The story of Power England
  • TEACHER PAGES
    • Mrs Bennett
    • Ms Capper
    • Mr Bish >
      • Teacher Assessment Pages - Comparative Judgements
      • WS
      • Top 10's
      • Book club
      • Profile
      • blog: How can self-directed learning be made visible?
    • Mrs Morgan >
      • Debate: Should the UN curb population growth?
      • Books
      • TV and Films
      • Travel
    • Mr Jones
    • Mr Skerry
    • Contact
  • LEADERSHIP ENRICHMENT
    • Year 9 - Leadership Enrichment >
      • Leadership Styles
      • Planning an Event - The Music Festival >
        • Decision 1 - What is our Vision?
        • Decision 2 - The Line Up
        • Decision 3 - Event Planning
        • Decision 4 - Event Organisation
        • Decision 5 - Advertising
        • Decision 6 - Final Costings
        • Decision 7 - Our Pitch
      • Review and Reflection
  • GLOBAL JUSTICE LEAGUE OF BISH
    • GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP IGCSE >
      • Theme 1: Politics and Governance
      • Theme 2 - Economic development and the environment
    • BIS Houston MUN - April 6th-8th 2022
    • 2023 ​TEXAS STATE MOCK TRIAL COMPETITION TEAM
    • ORGANISORS PAGE BISHMUN 2022
    • TED X CONFERENCE 2022
  • YEAR 9 ​ENRICHMENT: ​GENERAL ASSEMBLY: ​CLIMATE CHANGE
  • History Digital Research Library
  • New Page
  • Week 10 - Dealing with Conflict