Global networks and flows

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Syllabus Link: How different places become interconnected by global  interactions
Picture

Global Trade in Materials, Manufactured Goods & Services...

An overview of contemporary global networks and flows:
  • global trade in materials, manufactured goods and services
  • illegal flows, such as trafficked people, counterfeit goods and narcotics
trade.pptx
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Trade in goods

BBC: The goods and commodities shaping global trade
Task 1 - Click here to be taken to the OECD (remember the work from the previous module) page on Global Trade. Define (simply) 'Trade in Goods’. 
Task 2 - Using a copy of the graph above, describe the global pattern in the trade of goods. Make reference to G7, G20 and a comparison between the E.U and PRC. 

Trade in services

Task 3 - Using this OECD website page, define 'Trade in Services’. 
Task 4 - Using a copy of the graph above, describe the global pattern in the trade of services. Make reference to G7, G20 and a comparison between the E.U and PRC. 
Task 5 -  State the trade that has greater financial importance globally. 

Raw Materials

Task 6 - Watch the video below and take notes on how trade in raw materials is important for economic growth and how restrictive export policies can negatively impact development in mineral-rich economies
​Task 7 - Have a play with the interactive map below. This shows countries who produce, have reserves of and export a variety of raw materials. Choose the raw material from the menu on the top right hand side to see the spatial distribution and amount produced by each country. ​

​

power struggle

Watch both of the videos below. Take notes on why the tariffs have been imposed by the USA on aluminium and steel imports and what the retaliatory measures have been by those affected. ​

exam questions

Using examples, explain the contemporary global flows in manufactured goods or illegal flows in counterfeit goods and narcotics. [12]

“The physical environment has a greater influence than political and technological processes upon global interactions.” Discuss this statement. [16]


aid, loans, debt relief and remittances

aid_debt_remittances.pptx
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International Aid
VOX: This map should change the way you think about foreign aid
BBC: US military to cancel $300m in Pakistan aid over terror groups
International loans and debt relief
Click to set custom HTML
Remittances 
PEW: remittance flows worldwide
Remittance flows interactive
The Guardian: Global remittance corridors


Illegal Flows...
Please use the evidence below to take notes about the following illegal flows:

​
Case Study 1 - Narcotics - El Naya - Cocaine Highway to the USA 
Picture
BBC NEWS REPORT COCAINE INTO THE USA
NARCOTIC FLOWS - GLOBAL VIEW
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Case Study 2 - People Smugglers Mexico to USA
Also see notes from previous work on migration control
WHAT IT COSTS TO BE SMUGGLED ACROSS THE US BORDER

Case Study 3 - Counterfeit Trainers into USA
ILLEGAL FOOTWEAR INTO THE USA
Picture
COUNTERFEITING - A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

fdi_and_outsourcing.pptx
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FDI & outsourcing by transnational corporations (TNCs)

​What is 'Foreign Direct Investment - FDI'?
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an investment made by a firm or individual in one country into business interests located in another country. Generally, FDI takes place when an investor establishes foreign business operations or acquires foreign business assets, including establishing ownership or controlling interest in a foreign company. 

What is 'Outsourcing'?
Outsourcing is the business practice of hiring a party outside a company to perform services and create goods that traditionally were performed in-house by the company's own employees and staff. Usually done as a cost-cutting measure, it can affect jobs ranging from customer support to manufacturing to the back office.
(Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fdi.asp#ixzz5SKrPtC2Y) ​
Click to set custom HTML
[object Object]

Case Study  - Apple - "Designed by Apple in California, Assembled in China" 

Primary Resource - From Mac World 17 Feb 2017

Starter 1 - Watch the 'Made in the World' YouTube video beneath and pay extra attention to the mobile phone section.
Then watch the Economist video too. 

Starter 2: What it outsourcing? Watch the first two videos and make notes on causes and effects of outsourcing on an HICs such as the USA.

Task 1. Outline the main features of an iPhone or iPad. What makes them so different to the competition (Android, HTC etc)?
You might want to watch some of the Apple promo video here

Task 2. Outline the reasons for iPad and iPhone production in China.
Why has Apple manufacturing been internationally outsourced from the USA?
Use this resource to help you.

Task 3. What are the social and economic issues (positive and negative) associated with the global Apple production process?  Watch this CNN news report 

Task 4 - Responses to outsourcing by Donald Trump. Click on this Sep 2018 Vox article to read about the issues caused by USA's trade war on Apple.
Make notes on the content and what Trump is hoping Apple will eventually do. 
​

TNCs and their global strategies and supply chains
Two detailed case studies are required here of two contrasting TNC's including their global strategy and supply chains.
​For this unit of work, we will be splitting into two groups and analysing both Apple (USA) and McDonald's (USA). 


Starter Task
Define: TNC
Define: Global Strategy
Define: Supply Chain

Task 1 - Split into two groups. One group will be researching Apple and the other, McDonald's. Both are well known TNC's and the chances are that you are consumers of their product range. 

Use the video evidence wall beneath to build up a picture of the history of the company, their global/local strategy as well as their supply chains. You are going to produce a 5-10 minute presentation to give to your peers using PowerPoint, Prezzie etc.

Slide 1 - Introduction / logo / group details / quote about the TNC
Slide 2 - Brief history and major product release dates
Slide 3 - Global / local strategies
Slide 4 - Supply chains
Slide 5 - 4P's summary
Slide 6 - Connecting people and places. 
Slide 7 - Synthesis - links with one other area of the IB DP Geog course. 

The final slide should be in the 4P's format and include relevant information relating to each section as well as a clear example of how the company connects places (map, flow chart etc). 
​
tncs_notes_student.docx
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The History of Apple
Global Strategy - Offshore Profits & Outsourcing
Picture
The History of McDonalds
Global Strategy - Glocalization & Real Estate!
Apple Supply Chain - Designed in California, Manufactured in China
McDonalds Beef Supply Chain - The Canada Example 
apple policy on its supply chain
apple_case_study.pdf
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McDonalds policy on its beef sources
McDonald’s “Secret Sauce” for Supply Chain Success
Efficient, bold and sustainable: McDonald's supply chain secrets
consumer_culture_copy.pptx
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STUDENT WORK
MRS BENNETT'S CLASS
MCDONALD'S
MRS BENNETT'S CLASS
APPLE
APPLE INFOGRAPHIC
MS CAPPER'S CLASS
MCDONALD'S
geo_project_mcdonalds_.docx
File Size: 297 kb
File Type: docx
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MS CAPPER'S CLASS
APPLE

Exam question

Using examples, explain how the operations of TNCs connect places. [12]
  • Middle School
    • Pride, Unity and Respect Inquiries >
      • November - Native American Heritage Month
    • Assessment in Middle School Humanities
    • Parent support Materials
    • Year 9 Humanities >
      • An Introduction to Year 9 Humanires
      • Year 9 Geography >
        • Is Development a good thing? >
          • How can development be measured?
          • Why are some countries LEDCs?
          • Can the development gap be reduced?
          • What are the issues in MEDCs? Case study Japan
        • How can we ensure responsible consumption and production? >
          • The chocolate trade
          • What is the real cost of fashion?
          • The circular economy
          • Dragon's Den Assessment
        • Extreme Environments >
          • How do people live in cold environments?
          • The Sirius Patrol: Surviving in Extreme Environments
          • Mt Everest
          • Deserts
      • Year 9 History >
        • Teacher Documents
        • 1. EAST MEETS WEST >
          • 1A. WHY DO CIVILISATIONS EXPAND?
          • 1.B THE ROLE OF POLITICAL UNITY AND TRADE
          • 1.C THE ROLE OF TRADE
          • 1.D THE ROLE OF THE INDIVIDUAL
          • 1.E THE FIRST CRUSADE
          • 1E. ASSESSMENT: THE BENEFITS OF INTERCONNECTEDNESS OUTWEIGH THE COSTS TO HUMANITY' EVALUATE THIS STATEMENT IN REFERENCE TO THE PERIOD 250AD-1250AD
        • 2. THE NEW WORLD >
          • Ancient civilizations of the Americas
          • The conquest of the Americas
          • WHAT MADE THOMAS CLARKSON SO ANGRY?
        • 4. THE BIG IDEA: WHY WAS THE FIRST 50 YEARS OF THE 20TH CENTURY THE MOST VIOLENT? >
          • 4.A FIRST GLOBALIZATION 1750-1914
          • 4.B LONG WAR 1914-1990
          • THE TWENTIETH CENTURY RESEARCH PROJECT
        • YEAR 9 END OF YEAR ASSESSMENT
    • Year 8 Humanities >
      • Topic 1: Where is the riskiest place to live in the USA? >
        • What makes a disaster?
        • Hazard, Risk or Disaster?
        • Population patterns USA
        • Hazard 1: Hurricanes >
          • Case Study 1: Harvey 2017
          • Case Study 2: Michael 2018
          • Case Study 3: Hurricane Season 2021
        • Hazard 2: Tornadoes >
          • Case Study 2: Moore Tornado
        • Hazard 3: Tectonics in the USA >
          • Case Study 3
        • Hazard 4: Wildfires
        • Hazards Final Assessment
      • Topic 2: The Changing Story of Power >
        • Part 1: From King to Parliament >
          • Case Study: English Kings
          • Could Kings do what ever they wanted?
          • The growth of Parliament
          • The Reformation
          • Charles I
        • Part 2: From Parliament to People >
          • The Enlightenment
          • The American War of Independence
          • Why were the French so Angry?
          • How did the Enlightenment affect Britain?
          • The Fight for Women's Rights
          • Did the militant actions of the Suffragettes help or hinder the cause of votes for women?
          • Why did women win the vote?
        • Assessment >
          • Revision of Turning Points
      • Topic 3: How can we become positive change makers? >
        • Our World in 2045
        • What are the long-term causes of climate change?
        • The Industrial Revolution and climate
        • significant Inventions
        • Costs and benefits of Industrialization
        • The enhanced Greenhouse effect
        • The impact of climate change
        • Is the World that bad?
        • What is the problem with plastic?
        • How can we manage climate change?
        • Earth Day
        • Mitigation and adaptation strategies
        • Protest as a means of change
        • Change maker project
        • Y8: Model United Nations
    • Year 7 Humanities >
      • Year 7 Geography >
        • Biomes
        • Microclimate Investigation
        • How did the impacts of the Haiti and Japanese earthquake compare?
        • Topic 2 Migration
        • Geography in the news
      • Year 7 History >
        • 1. The Ancient World >
          • a. Prehistoric Life >
            • Middle School History
          • b. Egypt or Rome? >
            • Historical Enquiry - Comparing Ancient Societies
            • Ancient Egypt
            • Ancient Rome
          • Assessment
        • 2. The Medieval World >
          • "Muck and Misery" Investigation
          • Medieval Guidebook Assessment
          • Medieval Baghdad
        • 3. The American West >
          • Native American Culture
          • The First Settlers
          • Pioneers
          • Cowboys and cow towns
          • Impact of settlement on the Native Americans
          • Assessment
        • 4. The Industrial World >
          • The Urban Game
        • 5. Civil Rights
        • 8 . Digital Library
  • HS Geography
    • IB Geography >
      • Introduction to IB Geography
      • Paper 1- Geographic Themes >
        • Urban Environments >
          • Urban sections 1-3
          • Sustainable Cities
        • Leisure, sport and Tourism >
          • Introduction to Leisure, sport and tourism
          • A global sporting event- The Olympics
          • Managing Rural Tourism Hotspots
          • Managing urban tourism hotspots
          • Tourism as a development strategy
          • Sustainable tourism
          • Variations in Sphere of Influence
          • The impact of Rural festivals
        • Geophysical Hazards >
          • Earthquakes
          • Volcanoes
          • Landslides
      • Paper 2: Geographic perspectives >
        • Changing populations >
          • Population density
          • Processes of population change >
            • Megacities
            • Forced migration
          • Possibilities of population change >
            • Aging population
            • Population policies
            • Gender Equality
            • Human trafficking
            • Demographic dividend
          • Debate: Should the UN curb population growth?
          • Population revision
        • Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience >
          • The causes of global climate change
          • Impacts of climate change
          • ​Disparities in exposure to climate change risk and vulnerability
          • GOVERNMENT LED ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES
          • Civil society and corporate strategies to address climate change
        • Global resource consumption and security >
          • Global trends in consumption >
            • GLOBAL AND REGIONAL/CONTINENTAL PROGRESS TOWARDS POVERTY REDUCTION.
            • Measuring trends in global consumption
            • Patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of water
            • Global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of land/food
            • Global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of energy
          • Nexus thinking >
            • Two countries with contrasting levels of resource security...
            • Waste disposal and recycling
          • Resource Stewardship >
            • Divergent thinking about population and resource consumption trends
            • The circular economy
        • Infographics
      • Paper 3: Global Interactions >
        • Power, place and networks >
          • Global networks and flows
          • Global Interactions & Global Power
          • Human and physical influences on global interactions
        • HUMAN DEVELOPMENT & DIVERSITY >
          • Development opportunities
          • Changing cultures and identities
          • Cultural Hybridity
          • Local responses to global interactions
        • Environmental risks
        • Geopolitical and economic risks
      • IB Revision- mocks 2021
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      • Extended Essay in Geography
    • New IGCSE Edexcel Geography >
      • Paper 1 - Physical Geography >
        • Hazardous Environments
      • Paper 2 - Human Geography >
        • Urban Environments
        • Economic Activity and Energy
        • Fragile Environments and Climate Change
    • IGCSE Geography >
      • Population and Settlement >
        • Population >
          • Why is population growing?
          • Population density and distribution
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          • HIV and AIDs
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        • Settlement >
          • Settlement and service provision
          • Urbanisation
      • Natural Environment >
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          • Plate tectonics
          • Case study of a volcano: Montserrat
          • Haiti Earthquake
          • Why do people live in hazardous areas?
          • Tectonics revision
          • REVISION- WHAT HAPPENS AT TECTONIC PLATES?
        • Rivers >
          • Hydrological characteristics and processes
          • River Landforms
          • Benefits and threats of rivers
          • Management of rivers: Hard and Soft engineering
          • Rivers revison
        • Coasts >
          • Coastal processes
          • Coastal management
          • Different coastal environments
          • Mangroves
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        • Weather and Climate >
          • Weather measurements
          • The Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem
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      • Economic Development >
        • 3.1 Development
        • Industry
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        • Tourism
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        • economic development revision
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  • HS Economics
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      • 1.0 THE BASIC ECONOMIC PROBLEM
      • 2.0 HOW MARKETS WORK AND MARKET FAILURE
      • 3.0 THE INDIVIDUAL AS PRODUCER, CONSUMER AND BORROWER >
        • 3.3 Workers
        • 3.4 Firms
        • 3.5 Small firms and causes and forms of the growth of firms
        • 3.6 Economies and diseconomies of scale
        • 3.7 Firms costs, revenues and objectives
        • 3.8 Firms and Production
        • 3.9.5 Monopoly Markets
      • REVISION OF UNITS 1, 2 AND 3
      • SUMMER LEARNING
    • Year 11 >
      • 4.0 THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN AN ECONOMY >
        • 4.1 Introduction to Macroeconomics
        • 4.1.1 The Role of Government
        • 4.2.1 Macroeconomic Aims of Government
        • 4.2.3 Economic Growth
        • 4.7 EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT
        • 4.8 INFLATION
        • 4.4.0 FISCAL POLICY
        • 4.4.1 MONETARY POLICY
        • 4.1.2 SUPPLY-SIDE POLICIES AND MACROECONOMICS REVISION
      • 5.0 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT >
        • Top Trumps: Economic Development
        • 5.1 DIFFERENCES IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
        • 5.3.1 POVERTY
        • 5.3 POPULATION
      • 6.0 INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS >
        • 6.2 ​GLOBALISATION, FREE TRADE AND PROTECTION
        • 6.3 EXCHANGE RATES AND THE CURRENT ACCOUNT
      • iGCSE Economics Revision Sessions - May 23rd to June 1st
      • Revision Support
    • Year 12 >
      • 1. Introduction to Economics
      • 2. Microeconomics >
        • 2.A. COMPETITIVE MARKETS: DEMAND AND SUPPLY >
          • HL Demand FE 2022
        • 2.B.ELASTICITIES
        • 2.C.GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION >
          • INQUIRY: EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN ACHIEVING SDG 12: RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION
          • HL 2020 Government intervention
        • 2.D.MARKET FAILURE >
          • To What Extent Does the American Health Care Market Represent a Market Failure?
        • HL: RATIONAL PRODUCER BEHAVIOR
        • 2.E.THE THEORY OF THE FIRM 1: PRODUCTION, COSTS, REVENUES, AND PROFIT HL
        • 2.F.THE THEORY OF THE FIRM II: MARKET STRUCTURES HL
        • Real World Examples: Theory of the Firm
      • 3. Macroeconomics >
        • 2A. THE LEVEL OF OVERALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
        • 2B. AGGREGATE DEMAND
        • 2C. AGGREGATE SUPPLY
        • THE MULTIPLIER (HL)
        • INFLATION
        • THE PHILLIPS CURVE (HL)
        • LOW UNEMPLOYMENT
        • EQUITY IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME
        • ECONOMIC GROWTH
        • OVERVIEW OF DEMAND-SIDE AND SUPPLY-SIDE POLICIES
        • FISCAL POLICY
        • MONETARY POLICY
        • SUPPLY-SIDE POLICIES
      • Exam Papers
      • IA's >
        • IA Marking Exercise
        • Economic Diagrams
      • Extended Essay in Economics
      • SUMMER LEARNING
    • Year 13 >
      • 4. International Economics >
        • 4.A.International trade
        • 4.B.Exchange rates and the balance of payments
        • 4.C.Economics integration and the terms of trade
        • 4.D.Be ambitious resources
      • 5. Development Economics >
        • Understanding Economic Development
        • Topics in Economic Development
        • Foreign sources of finance and foreign debt
        • Consequences of economic growth and the balance between markets and intervention
      • IB Economics - Exams
      • IB ECONOMICS REVISION PAGES >
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        • 2022 MOCK EXAM
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  • HS History
    • What is History?
    • IBDP History >
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      • Rationale
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      • IB History Revision Sessions - April 6th to May 1st
      • Paper 1 - Prescribed Subject >
        • Military Leaders >
          • Genghis Khan 1200-1227 >
            • Introduction to the Mongols
            • Mongol Historiography
            • Rise to Power
            • Military Might
            • Leadership
            • Campaigns in China and Asia
            • Impact of the Mongols
            • TOK - Genghis
          • King Richard I of England 1173-1199 >
            • Medieval England
            • Richard I - Life before 1189
            • Richard I - Crusader King 1190 - 1193
            • Richard I - Military Leadership
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            • Richard I - Reputation and Historiography
            • TOK - Richard I
          • Paper 1: Rights and Protest
          • Source Skills
      • Paper 2 - World History Topics >
        • Essay Writing Skills - Paper 2
        • Authoritarian States >
          • Theory
          • MCA Feedback and Reflection
          • Hitler >
            • Emergence and rise to power >
              • HOW MUCH HOPE WAS THERE FOR THE SURVIVAL OF THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC 1919-29?
              • HOW DID THE AIMS AND IDEOLOGY OF THE NAZI PARTY DEVELOP BETWEEN 1919-1923
              • HOW FAR DID THE CONDITIONS OF 1929-33CONTRIBUTE TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NAZI STATE?
              • WHERE DID SUPPORT FOR NATIONAL SOCIALISM COME FROM?
            • Consolidation and maintenance of power >
              • HOW DID HITLER CONSOLIDATE HIS POWER TO CREATE AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME?
              • WHAT PART DID PERSONALITY AND PROPAGANDA PLAY IN THE CONSOLIDATION OF POWER?
              • WHAT WERE THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIONAL SOCIALIST GOVERNMENT?
              • WHAT WAS THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF OPPOSITION TO NAZI RULE AND HOW WAS IT DEALT WITH?
              • WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN POLICY ON HITLER'S CONSOLIDATION AND MAINTENANCE OF POWER?
            • Aims and results of policies
          • Mao >
            • Emergence and Rise to Power
            • Consolidation and maintenance of power
            • Aims and results of policies
          • Castro >
            • Castro RTP
            • Castro Establisment and consolidation
            • Castro: Aims and results of policies
          • Policies In Germany and Cuba >
            • Nazi Policies - Aims and outcomes
            • Castro Policies - Aims and Outcomes
        • Independence movements 1800 - 2000 >
          • Ireland - Europe >
            • 1. The origins rise and rise of independence movements >
              • 1.a. WHAT SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT?
              • 1.b. EARLY INDEPENDENCE CAMPAIGNING - WOLFE TONE
              • 1.c. SOCIAL DIVISIONS WITHIN IRELAND
              • 1.d. ECONOMIC FACTORS
              • 1.e. WHAT POLITICAL FACTORS LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT IN IRELAND?
              • f. What external factors were important in creating an independence movement.
            • 2. Methods used and reasons for success >
              • 2. a WHAT METHODS WERE USED IN THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE 1867 TO 1900? >
                • 2.b.​WHY DID THE INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT SUCCEED?
                • 2.b. WHAT WERE THE ROLES OF MICHAEL COLLINS AND EAMON DE VALERA IN THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE?
                • 2.c.
            • 3. Challenges faced in the first 10 years after independence; and the responses to those challenges. >
              • 3.a.
              • 3.b.
              • 3.c.
              • 3.d.
              • 3.e.
            • IRISH 'BE AMBITIOUS' RESOURCES
          • India - Asia >
            • Origin and rise of the Independence Movement >
              • 1857 and Colonial India
              • The Growth of Nationalism
              • Factors in the rise of the Independence Movement
            • Methods and success of the Independence Movement >
              • Leadership in India
              • Why did India win independence?
            • Challenges facing the newly independent state
          • Cuba - The Americas >
            • origins of Cuban Independence before 1823
      • Paper 3 - History of Europe >
        • THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 1774 TO 1815 >
          • The Enlightenment
          • The Origins of the French Revolution
          • 1789: THE END OF THE ANCIEN REGIME
          • Establishing a Constitutional Monarchy
          • Revolutionary War and overthrow of the Monarchy 1792 - 93
          • Government by Terror 1793-4
          • THERMIDORIAN REACTION AND THE DIRECTORY 1794-9
          • THE IMPACT OF THE REVOLUTION
          • NAPOLEON: CONSULATE AND EMPIRE
          • DIGITAL RESOURCES: FRENCH REVOLUTION
        • Imperial Russia 1854 - 1924 >
          • Alexander II
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          • 1905 - Revolution
          • Nicholas II and the impact of the First World War
          • The Revolution 1917
          • Lenin and the Soviet Union
      • Internal Assessment (IA) >
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    • New IGCSE Edexcel History >
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      • Depth Study A: WW1 >
        • 1. Why was war not over by December 1914?
        • 2. Why was there stalemate on the Western Front?
        • 3. How important were other fronts?
        • 4. Why did Germany ask for an armistice in 1918?
        • WW1 EXAM QUESTIONS
      • Core Content 1: Treaties
      • Core Content 2 & 3: League 20s & 30s
      • Core Content 4 : Blame for Cold War?
      • Core Content 5: Cold War Conflicts
      • Depth Study B: Germany >
        • 1. Was the Weimar Republic doomed from start?
        • 2. Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934?
        • 3a. How effectively did the Nazis control Germany?
        • 3b. What was it like to live in Nazi Germany?
  • SOCIOLOGY HOME
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