Supply side policies  

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WHAT: WHAT ARE supply-side policies?
HOW: research the historical context of why ssp's were required in either uk, usa in 1980's AND australia in the 2000's and what policies were implemented?
why: ssp's are a key policy instrument for increasing economic potential

  • Explain how supply-side policies aim at positively affecting the production side of an economy by improving the institutional framework and the capacity to produce (that is, by changing the quantity and/or quality of factors of production). 
  • State how supply-side policies may be market-based or interventionist, and that in either case they aim to shift the LRAS curve to the right, achieving growth in potential output. 
  • Explain how investment in education and training will raise the levels of human capital and have a short-term impact on aggregate demand, but more importantly will increase LRAS.
  • Explain how policies that encourage research and development will have a short-term impact on aggregate demand, but more importantly will result in new technologies and increase LRAS. 
  • Explain how increased and improved infrastructure will have a short-term impact on aggregate demand but, more importantly, will increase LRAS. 
  • Explain how targeting specific industries through policies including tax cuts, tax allowances and subsidised lending promotes growth in key areas of the economy and will have a short-term impact on aggregate demand but, more importantly, will increase LRAS. 
  • Explain how factors including deregulation, privatisation, trade liberalisation and anti-monopoly regulation are used to encourage competition. 
  • Explain how factors including reducing the power of labour unions, reducing unemployment benefits and abolishing minimum wages are used to make the labour market more flexible (more responsive to supply and demand). 
  • Explain how factors including cuts in personal income tax are used to increase the incentive to work, and how cuts in business tax and capital gains tax are used to increase the incentive to invest. 
  • Evaluate the effectiveness of supply-side policies through consideration of factors including time lags, the ability to create employment, the ability to reduce inflationary pressure, the impact on economic growth, the impact on the government budget, the effect on equity, and the effect on the environment. ​

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  1. Supply-side policiesIn this section we consider the following topics in detail:
  2. The role of supply-side policies
  3. Interventionist supply-side policies
  4. Market based supply-side policies
  5. Evaluation of supply-side policies

The history of supply-side policy: From 1945 until the mid-1970s, Keynesian fiscal policy (influencing aggregate demand levels) was the major instrument of government economic policy in most countries around the world. The Phillips curve represented the observed inverse relationship between the rate of unemployment and the rate of inflation in an economy, which had been recorded historically. In other words, the lower the level of unemployment in an economy, the higher the rate of inflation (and vice-versa). This observed relationship had underpinned many governments' macroeconomic policies since the 1950s. However, while this trade off appeared to exist in the short-run, the relationship broke down in the long-run. In the early 1970s, 'stagflation', or 'slumpflation' occurred in many countries, which was the simultaneous increase in both prices and unemployment; a situation that Keynesian economists believed was not possible.

As a result, the use of monetary policy to achieve macroeconomic goals became widespread, and has dominated government policies in major economies since the 1970s. The 'radical right', or monetarists, in the USA particularly (although similar moves were happening in Europe), suggested that concentration on the demand-side of the economy was untenable and that governments should focus instead on the use supply-side policies to create greater flexibility in the economy to react to changes in aggregate demand. Monetarist policies became to dominate government economic approaches in most developed economies with a growing importance placed on the use of interest rates to fine tune economic development.

The debate moved away from Keynesian policies to arguments over the nature of about supply-side policies and whether these should be more or less interventionist in nature as both liberals and conservatives embraced policy measures focusing on increasing aggregate supply. However, it should be noted that many governments reacted to the financial crisis of 2007 - 2010, by using traditional Keynesian approaches to stimulate aggregate demand, in face of opposition from Monetarists who saw these policies as inevitably inflationary in the longer-term.

The role of supply-side policies: Supply-side policies are designed to make aggregate supply (AS) more responsive to changes in national income. Supply-side policies tend to concentrate on improving efficiencies in either product markets, i.e. specific good or services such as cars, or labour markets. Supply-side policies are designed to increase competition and efficiency of production by improving the quality and quantity of labour available to firms. When combined with other macro policies, they are supposed to deliver a more competitive and efficient economy. Supply-side policies focus on:
  • Removing market imperfections - barriers to the smooth operation of product and labour markets
  • Removing restrictive practices - rules that do not allow the free movement of factors within an economy
  • Making work more attractive
  • Making workers more efficient
Supply-side policies aim to shift the LRAS curve to the right, increasing the level of real output and lowering the price level. This is shown in Figure 1 below:

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The Solow Model of Economic Growth
MR's Intro to THE SRAS: a recap
MR's intro to the LRAS
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ACTIVITY 2: WHAT SUPPLY-SIDE POLICIES WERE UTILIZED IN THE 1980'S BY THATCHER AND REAGAN? Download a copy of the table below and then add in all of the separate market based and interventionist Supply-side policies from the text book. Briefly explain what each is and then using the resource library as a starting point find some examples of each SS policy and in the final column evaluate their overall effectiveness. Once you start to research your own sources - remember to look at quality sources. For a list of recommended quality sources the Economics homepage has the links to these.
supply-side_policies.docx
File Size: 17 kb
File Type: docx
Download File

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Some articles to kick-start your research.

Reagan fires 11,000 striking air traffic controllers Aug. 5, 1981

On this day in 1981, President Ronald Reagan fired more than 11,000 air traffic controllers who ignored his order to return to work. The sweeping mass firing of federal employees slowed commercial air travel, but it did not cripple the system as the strikers had forecast.

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It's 20 years since polytechnics became universities - and there's no going back

The post-1992 universities have transformed higher education, and whatever the political talk about 'differentiation', today's students are not interested in timeworn distinctions, says Peter Scott

Privatising the UK's nationalised industries in the1980s - Centre for Public Impact (CPI)

Stakeholder Engagement Fair The main internal stakeholders were the Conservative government, particularly the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). The main external stakeholders were those who became shareholders in the privatised companies: Employees, who were given the opportunity to becomes stakeholders by buying shares in newly privatised businesses - "in the privatisation of BT in 1984, up to 10% of shares were reserved for employees and 96% of employees bought shares".

Supply side policies in the UK during 1980s and 1990s

Some of the supply side policies used in the UK during the 1980s and 1990s. 1. Privatisation. There has been an extensive privatisation campaign, most of the major utilities such as Gas , Water and Electricity were sold by the government and floated on the stock market. In some industries...

Would Reaganomics Work Today?

Reagan's position was dramatically different from the status quo. Prior presidents Johnson and Nixon had expanded the government's role. Reagan pledged to make cuts in four areas: Reaganomics is based on the theory of supply-side economics. It states that corporate tax cuts are the best way to grow the economy.

Some key ideas to help you along...
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ACTIVITY 3 - WHAT SHOULD AUSTRALIA DO? - Read the article below. What market based or interventionist supply-side reforms could the Australian government make? Discuss and evaluate the pros and cons of each policy.
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The limits to growth

YOU can see it best from the air. At Dalrymple Bay in Queensland (above), on any given day recently, more than 40 huge ships have been lining up waiting to take on coal. Australia has plenty of the stuff, and China's demand for it is so voracious that this year's contracts are being signed at prices 70% higher than last year's.

You can add your ideas to the Padlet at the top of the page. Aim to write a paragraph each.
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  • Middle School
    • Pride, Unity and Respect Inquiries >
      • November - Native American Heritage Month
    • Assessment in Middle School Humanities
    • Parent support Materials
    • Year 9 Humanities >
      • An Introduction to Year 9 Humanires
      • Year 9 Geography >
        • Is Development a good thing? >
          • How can development be measured?
          • Why are some countries LEDCs?
          • Can the development gap be reduced?
          • What are the issues in MEDCs? Case study Japan
        • How can we ensure responsible consumption and production? >
          • The chocolate trade
          • What is the real cost of fashion?
          • The circular economy
          • Dragon's Den Assessment
        • Extreme Environments >
          • How do people live in cold environments?
          • The Sirius Patrol: Surviving in Extreme Environments
          • Mt Everest
          • Deserts
      • Year 9 History >
        • Teacher Documents
        • 1. EAST MEETS WEST >
          • 1A. WHY DO CIVILISATIONS EXPAND?
          • 1.B THE ROLE OF POLITICAL UNITY AND TRADE
          • 1.C THE ROLE OF TRADE
          • 1.D THE ROLE OF THE INDIVIDUAL
          • 1.E THE FIRST CRUSADE
          • 1E. ASSESSMENT: THE BENEFITS OF INTERCONNECTEDNESS OUTWEIGH THE COSTS TO HUMANITY' EVALUATE THIS STATEMENT IN REFERENCE TO THE PERIOD 250AD-1250AD
        • 2. THE NEW WORLD >
          • Ancient civilizations of the Americas
          • The conquest of the Americas
          • WHAT MADE THOMAS CLARKSON SO ANGRY?
        • THE TWENTIETH CENTURY RESEARCH PROJECT
        • 4. THE BIG IDEA: WHY WAS THE FIRST 50 YEARS OF THE 20TH CENTURY THE MOST VIOLENT? >
          • 4.A FIRST GLOBALIZATION 1750-1914
          • 4.B LONG WAR 1914-1990
        • YEAR 9 END OF YEAR ASSESSMENT
    • Year 8 Humanities >
      • Topic 1: Where is the riskiest place to live in the USA? >
        • What makes a disaster?
        • Hazard, Risk or Disaster?
        • Population patterns USA
        • Hazard 1: Hurricanes >
          • Case Study 1: Harvey 2017
          • Case Study 2: Michael 2018
          • Case Study 3: Hurricane Season 2021
        • Hazard 2: Tornadoes >
          • Case Study 2: Moore Tornado
        • Hazard 3: Tectonics in the USA >
          • Case Study 3
        • Hazard 4: Wildfires
        • Hazards Final Assessment
      • Topic 2: The Changing Story of Power >
        • Part 1: From King to Parliament >
          • Case Study: English Kings
          • Could Kings do what ever they wanted?
          • The growth of Parliament
          • The Reformation
          • Charles I
        • Part 2: From Parliament to People >
          • The Enlightenment
          • The American War of Independence
          • Why were the French so Angry?
          • How did the Enlightenment affect Britain?
          • The Fight for Women's Rights
          • Did the militant actions of the Suffragettes help or hinder the cause of votes for women?
          • Why did women win the vote?
        • Assessment >
          • Revision of Turning Points
      • Topic 3: How can we become positive change makers? >
        • Our World in 2045
        • What are the long-term causes of climate change?
        • The Industrial Revolution and climate
        • significant Inventions
        • Costs and benefits of Industrialization
        • The enhanced Greenhouse effect
        • The impact of climate change
        • Is the World that bad?
        • What is the problem with plastic?
        • How can we manage climate change?
        • Earth Day
        • Mitigation and adaptation strategies
        • Protest as a means of change
        • Change maker project
        • Y8: Model United Nations
    • Year 7 Humanities >
      • Year 7 Geography >
        • Biomes
        • Microclimate Investigation
        • How did the impacts of the Haiti and Japanese earthquake compare?
        • Topic 2 Migration
        • Geography in the news
      • Year 7 History >
        • 1. The Ancient World >
          • a. Prehistoric Life >
            • Middle School History
          • b. Egypt or Rome? >
            • Historical Enquiry - Comparing Ancient Societies
            • Ancient Egypt
            • Ancient Rome
          • Assessment
        • 2. The Medieval World >
          • "Muck and Misery" Investigation
          • Medieval Guidebook Assessment
          • Medieval Baghdad
        • 3. The American West >
          • Native American Culture
          • The First Settlers
          • Pioneers
          • Cowboys and cow towns
          • Impact of settlement on the Native Americans
          • Assessment
        • 4. The Industrial World >
          • The Urban Game
        • 5. Civil Rights
        • 8 . Digital Library
  • HS Geography
    • IB Geography >
      • Introduction to IB Geography
      • Paper 1- Geographic Themes >
        • Urban Environments >
          • Urban sections 1-3
          • Sustainable Cities
        • Leisure, sport and Tourism >
          • Introduction to Leisure, sport and tourism
          • A global sporting event- The Olympics
          • Managing Rural Tourism Hotspots
          • Managing urban tourism hotspots
          • Tourism as a development strategy
          • Sustainable tourism
          • Variations in Sphere of Influence
          • The impact of Rural festivals
        • Geophysical Hazards >
          • Earthquakes
          • Volcanoes
          • Landslides
      • Paper 2: Geographic perspectives >
        • Changing populations >
          • Population density
          • Processes of population change >
            • Megacities
            • Forced migration
          • Possibilities of population change >
            • Aging population
            • Population policies
            • Gender Equality
            • Human trafficking
            • Demographic dividend
          • Debate: Should the UN curb population growth?
          • Population revision
        • Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience >
          • The causes of global climate change
          • Impacts of climate change
          • ​Disparities in exposure to climate change risk and vulnerability
          • GOVERNMENT LED ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES
          • Civil society and corporate strategies to address climate change
        • Global resource consumption and security >
          • Global trends in consumption >
            • GLOBAL AND REGIONAL/CONTINENTAL PROGRESS TOWARDS POVERTY REDUCTION.
            • Measuring trends in global consumption
            • Patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of water
            • Global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of land/food
            • Global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of energy
          • Nexus thinking >
            • Two countries with contrasting levels of resource security...
            • Waste disposal and recycling
          • Resource Stewardship >
            • Divergent thinking about population and resource consumption trends
            • The circular economy
        • Infographics
      • Paper 3: Global Interactions >
        • Power, place and networks >
          • Global networks and flows
          • Global Interactions & Global Power
          • Human and physical influences on global interactions
        • HUMAN DEVELOPMENT & DIVERSITY >
          • Development opportunities
          • Changing cultures and identities
          • Cultural Hybridity
          • Local responses to global interactions
        • Environmental risks
        • Geopolitical and economic risks
      • IB Revision- mocks 2021
      • IB Revision
      • Internal Assessment
      • Extended Essay in Geography
    • New IGCSE Edexcel Geography >
      • Paper 1 - Physical Geography >
        • Hazardous Environments
      • Paper 2 - Human Geography >
        • Urban Environments
        • Economic Activity and Energy
        • Fragile Environments and Climate Change
    • IGCSE Geography >
      • Population and Settlement >
        • Population >
          • Why is population growing?
          • Population density and distribution
          • Over and Under population
          • Dependent populations
          • Population policy: One Child policy China
          • HIV and AIDs
          • Migration
          • Population revision
          • Debate: Should the UN curb population growth?
        • Settlement >
          • Settlement and service provision
          • Urbanisation
      • Natural Environment >
        • Earthquakes and Volcanoes >
          • Plate tectonics
          • Case study of a volcano: Montserrat
          • Haiti Earthquake
          • Why do people live in hazardous areas?
          • Tectonics revision
          • REVISION- WHAT HAPPENS AT TECTONIC PLATES?
        • Rivers >
          • Hydrological characteristics and processes
          • River Landforms
          • Benefits and threats of rivers
          • Management of rivers: Hard and Soft engineering
          • Rivers revison
        • Coasts >
          • Coastal processes
          • Coastal management
          • Different coastal environments
          • Mangroves
          • Hurricanes- cyclone Alia, Bangladesh
          • Hurricanes- Hurricane Harvey
          • Coasts revision
          • Coastal skills
        • Weather and Climate >
          • Weather measurements
          • The Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem
          • Deserts
          • Climate and vegetation revsion
      • Economic Development >
        • 3.1 Development
        • Industry
        • Globalisation
        • Food production
        • Water
        • Tourism
        • Energy
        • Environmental risks of economic development
        • economic development revision
      • Geographical Enquiry
      • Paper 2 Geographical Skills
      • Paper 4: Fieldwork paper
      • IGCSE Revision
      • IGCSE Revision for mid course assessments April 2021
      • Paper 1: Knowledge paper revision for mocks 2022
  • HS Economics
    • IB ECONOMICS TEACHER PAGES >
      • Activity Styles
    • Year 10 >
      • 1.0 THE BASIC ECONOMIC PROBLEM
      • 2.0 HOW MARKETS WORK AND MARKET FAILURE
      • 3.0 THE INDIVIDUAL AS PRODUCER, CONSUMER AND BORROWER >
        • 3.3 Workers
        • 3.4 Firms
        • 3.5 Small firms and causes and forms of the growth of firms
        • 3.6 Economies and diseconomies of scale
        • 3.7 Firms costs, revenues and objectives
        • 3.8 Firms and Production
        • 3.9.5 Monopoly Markets
      • REVISION OF UNITS 1, 2 AND 3
      • SUMMER LEARNING
    • Year 11 >
      • 4.0 THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN AN ECONOMY >
        • 4.1 Introduction to Macroeconomics
        • 4.1.1 The Role of Government
        • 4.2.1 Macroeconomic Aims of Government
        • 4.2.3 Economic Growth
        • 4.7 EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT
        • 4.8 INFLATION
        • 4.4.0 FISCAL POLICY
        • 4.4.1 MONETARY POLICY
        • 4.1.2 SUPPLY-SIDE POLICIES AND MACROECONOMICS REVISION
      • 5.0 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT >
        • Top Trumps: Economic Development
        • 5.1 DIFFERENCES IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
        • 5.3.1 POVERTY
        • 5.3 POPULATION
      • 6.0 INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS >
        • 6.2 ​GLOBALISATION, FREE TRADE AND PROTECTION
        • 6.3 EXCHANGE RATES AND THE CURRENT ACCOUNT
      • iGCSE Economics Revision Sessions - May 23rd to June 1st
      • Revision Support
    • Year 12 >
      • 1. Introduction to Economics
      • 2. Microeconomics >
        • 2.A. COMPETITIVE MARKETS: DEMAND AND SUPPLY >
          • HL Demand FE 2022
        • 2.B.ELASTICITIES
        • 2.C.GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION >
          • INQUIRY: EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN ACHIEVING SDG 12: RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION
          • HL 2020 Government intervention
        • 2.D.MARKET FAILURE >
          • To What Extent Does the American Health Care Market Represent a Market Failure?
        • HL: RATIONAL PRODUCER BEHAVIOR
        • 2.E.THE THEORY OF THE FIRM 1: PRODUCTION, COSTS, REVENUES, AND PROFIT HL
        • 2.F.THE THEORY OF THE FIRM II: MARKET STRUCTURES HL
        • Real World Examples: Theory of the Firm
      • 3. Macroeconomics >
        • 2A. THE LEVEL OF OVERALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
        • 2B. AGGREGATE DEMAND
        • 2C. AGGREGATE SUPPLY
        • THE MULTIPLIER (HL)
        • INFLATION
        • THE PHILLIPS CURVE (HL)
        • LOW UNEMPLOYMENT
        • EQUITY IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME
        • ECONOMIC GROWTH
        • OVERVIEW OF DEMAND-SIDE AND SUPPLY-SIDE POLICIES
        • FISCAL POLICY
        • MONETARY POLICY
        • SUPPLY-SIDE POLICIES
      • Exam Papers
      • IA's >
        • IA Marking Exercise
        • Economic Diagrams
      • Extended Essay in Economics
      • SUMMER LEARNING
    • Year 13 >
      • 4. International Economics >
        • 4.A.International trade
        • 4.B.Exchange rates and the balance of payments
        • 4.C.Economics integration and the terms of trade
        • 4.D.Be ambitious resources
      • 5. Development Economics >
        • Understanding Economic Development
        • Topics in Economic Development
        • Foreign sources of finance and foreign debt
        • Consequences of economic growth and the balance between markets and intervention
      • IB Economics - Exams
      • IB ECONOMICS REVISION PAGES >
        • REAL WORLD EXAMPLES
        • Give Me Fives
        • Economics Past Papers
        • Student Video Tutorials
        • Additional Revision Activities
        • 2022 MOCK EXAM
    • Digital library
    • TOK Inspired Economics Page
    • Process for Deciding Economics University Predicted Grades
  • HS History
    • What is History?
    • IBDP History >
      • Pre - IB History
      • Rationale
      • Introductory Tasks
      • Perspectives Blog
      • IB History Revision Sessions - April 6th to May 1st
      • Paper 1 - Prescribed Subject >
        • Military Leaders >
          • Genghis Khan 1200-1227 >
            • Introduction to the Mongols
            • Mongol Historiography
            • Rise to Power
            • Military Might
            • Leadership
            • Campaigns in China and Asia
            • Impact of the Mongols
            • TOK - Genghis
          • King Richard I of England 1173-1199 >
            • Medieval England
            • Richard I - Life before 1189
            • Richard I - Crusader King 1190 - 1193
            • Richard I - Military Leadership
            • Richard - Impact
            • Richard I - Reputation and Historiography
            • TOK - Richard I
          • Paper 1: Rights and Protest
          • Source Skills
      • Paper 2 - World History Topics >
        • Essay Writing Skills - Paper 2
        • Authoritarian States >
          • Theory
          • MCA Feedback and Reflection
          • Hitler >
            • Emergence and rise to power >
              • HOW MUCH HOPE WAS THERE FOR THE SURVIVAL OF THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC 1919-29?
              • HOW DID THE AIMS AND IDEOLOGY OF THE NAZI PARTY DEVELOP BETWEEN 1919-1923
              • HOW FAR DID THE CONDITIONS OF 1929-33CONTRIBUTE TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NAZI STATE?
              • WHERE DID SUPPORT FOR NATIONAL SOCIALISM COME FROM?
            • Consolidation and maintenance of power >
              • HOW DID HITLER CONSOLIDATE HIS POWER TO CREATE AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME?
              • WHAT PART DID PERSONALITY AND PROPAGANDA PLAY IN THE CONSOLIDATION OF POWER?
              • WHAT WERE THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIONAL SOCIALIST GOVERNMENT?
              • WHAT WAS THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF OPPOSITION TO NAZI RULE AND HOW WAS IT DEALT WITH?
              • WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN POLICY ON HITLER'S CONSOLIDATION AND MAINTENANCE OF POWER?
            • Aims and results of policies
          • Mao >
            • Emergence and Rise to Power
            • Consolidation and maintenance of power
            • Aims and results of policies
          • Castro >
            • Castro RTP
            • Castro Establisment and consolidation
            • Castro: Aims and results of policies
          • Policies In Germany and Cuba >
            • Nazi Policies - Aims and outcomes
            • Castro Policies - Aims and Outcomes
        • Independence movements 1800 - 2000 >
          • Ireland - Europe >
            • 1. The origins rise and rise of independence movements >
              • 1.a. WHAT SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT?
              • 1.b. EARLY INDEPENDENCE CAMPAIGNING - WOLFE TONE
              • 1.c. SOCIAL DIVISIONS WITHIN IRELAND
              • 1.d. ECONOMIC FACTORS
              • 1.e. WHAT POLITICAL FACTORS LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT IN IRELAND?
              • f. What external factors were important in creating an independence movement.
            • 2. Methods used and reasons for success >
              • 2. a WHAT METHODS WERE USED IN THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE 1867 TO 1900? >
                • 2.b.​WHY DID THE INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT SUCCEED?
                • 2.b. WHAT WERE THE ROLES OF MICHAEL COLLINS AND EAMON DE VALERA IN THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE?
                • 2.c.
            • 3. Challenges faced in the first 10 years after independence; and the responses to those challenges. >
              • 3.a.
              • 3.b.
              • 3.c.
              • 3.d.
              • 3.e.
            • IRISH 'BE AMBITIOUS' RESOURCES
          • India - Asia >
            • Origin and rise of the Independence Movement >
              • 1857 and Colonial India
              • The Growth of Nationalism
              • Factors in the rise of the Independence Movement
            • Methods and success of the Independence Movement >
              • Leadership in India
              • Why did India win independence?
            • Challenges facing the newly independent state
          • Cuba - The Americas >
            • origins of Cuban Independence before 1823
      • Paper 3 - History of Europe >
        • THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 1774 TO 1815 >
          • The Enlightenment
          • The Origins of the French Revolution
          • 1789: THE END OF THE ANCIEN REGIME
          • Establishing a Constitutional Monarchy
          • Revolutionary War and overthrow of the Monarchy 1792 - 93
          • Government by Terror 1793-4
          • THERMIDORIAN REACTION AND THE DIRECTORY 1794-9
          • THE IMPACT OF THE REVOLUTION
          • NAPOLEON: CONSULATE AND EMPIRE
          • DIGITAL RESOURCES: FRENCH REVOLUTION
        • Imperial Russia 1854 - 1924 >
          • Alexander II
          • Alexander III and Nicholas I
          • 1905 - Revolution
          • Nicholas II and the impact of the First World War
          • The Revolution 1917
          • Lenin and the Soviet Union
      • Internal Assessment (IA) >
        • Formulating a Question
        • Initial Proposal
        • IA Section 1
        • IA Section 2
        • IA Section 3
        • IA Referencing
        • Marking Exercise
        • Timeline Class of 2018
      • Core >
        • Extended Essay
        • Theory of Knowledge
        • CAS
    • New IGCSE Edexcel History >
      • A1 Origins & Course of WW1
      • B2 Changes in Medicine
      • D3 Weimar & Nazi Germany
    • IGCSE Cambridge History >
      • Revision Checklists
      • REVISION Past Papers >
        • MODEL Paper 1
        • MODEL Paper 2 >
          • MODEL Paper 2: Cold War Causes
          • MODEL Paper 2: Treaties
      • Depth Study A: WW1 >
        • 1. Why was war not over by December 1914?
        • 2. Why was there stalemate on the Western Front?
        • 3. How important were other fronts?
        • 4. Why did Germany ask for an armistice in 1918?
        • WW1 EXAM QUESTIONS
      • Core Content 1: Treaties
      • Core Content 2 & 3: League 20s & 30s
      • Core Content 4 : Blame for Cold War?
      • Core Content 5: Cold War Conflicts
      • Depth Study B: Germany >
        • 1. Was the Weimar Republic doomed from start?
        • 2. Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934?
        • 3a. How effectively did the Nazis control Germany?
        • 3b. What was it like to live in Nazi Germany?
  • SOCIOLOGY HOME
    • Unit 1: Theory and Methods >
      • How do sociologists study society?
    • Unit 4: Family
    • The story of Power England
  • TEACHER PAGES
    • Mrs Bennett
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    • Mr Bish >
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  • LEADERSHIP ENRICHMENT
    • Year 9 - Leadership Enrichment >
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      • Planning an Event - The Music Festival >
        • Decision 1 - What is our Vision?
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        • Decision 4 - Event Organisation
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        • Decision 6 - Final Costings
        • Decision 7 - Our Pitch
      • Review and Reflection
  • GLOBAL JUSTICE LEAGUE OF BISH
    • GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP IGCSE >
      • Theme 1: Politics and Governance
      • Theme 2 - Economic development and the environment
    • BIS Houston MUN - April 6th-8th 2022
    • 2023 ​TEXAS STATE MOCK TRIAL COMPETITION TEAM
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  • YEAR 9 ​ENRICHMENT: ​GENERAL ASSEMBLY: ​CLIMATE CHANGE
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  • Week 10 - Dealing with Conflict