urban environments
sections 1-3

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urban_environments_objectives_2018.docx
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What you'll need to know...
The characteristics and distribution of urban places, populations and economic activities
Characteristics of urban places, including site, function, land use, hierarchy of settlement (including megacities) and growth process (planned or spontaneous)

Factors affecting the pattern of urban economic activities (retail, commercial, industrial), including physical factors, land values, proximity to a central business district (CBD) and planning

Factors affecting the pattern of residential areas within urban areas, including physical factors, land values, ethnicity and planning

​The incidence of poverty, deprivation and informal activity (housing and industry) in urban areas at varying stages of development
urban_environments_lesson_1.pptx
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informal-formal_sector_essay.docx
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what_is_the_location_of_houston_economic_activity.docx
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what_are_the_patterns_of_economic_activity_in_urban_areas.docx
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Characteristics of urban places...
What does Wikipedia Say?
An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas are created through urbanisation and are categorised by urban morphology as cities, towns, conurbations or suburbs. In urbanism, the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets. The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilisation with modern urban planning, which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources leads to human impact on the environment.

The world's urban population in 1950 of just 746 million has increased to 3.9 billion in the decades since. In 2009, the number of people living in urban areas (3.42 billion) surpassed the number living in rural areas (3.41 billion) and since then the world has become more urban than rural. This was the first time that the majority of the world's population lived in a city. In 2014 there were 7.25 billion people living on the planet, of which the global urban population comprised 3.9 billion. The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs at that time predicted the urban population would grow to 6.4 billion by 2050, with 37% of that growth to come from three countries: China, India and Nigeria.

Task 1 - Go to this excellent UNICEF site. Read the information at the top of the graphic before pressing play and watching the growth of urban areas (note definition). Take screen shots of 1950, 2000 & 2050 and then write a piece of commentary about the growth of urban areas. You can click on any country to be given more detail. Please feel free to also use the text above. 

Task 2 - Using the World City Populations interactive guide here, take a screen shot of the graphic and comment of the location of urban areas around the world experiencing rapid population growth as well as issues relating to potential future climate change (unit 1) and population displacement. 

Houston, Texas
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Urban environments like Houston are diverse areas that have a multitude of modern days functions such as being the centre of business and commerce as well as home to millions of people. They have important roles to play in providing jobs and transport hubs as well as being major centres for the sports, leisure and tourism industries. Widespread urban renewal and processes of gentrification are changing the faces of the major cities around the world. Houston is a very good example of an urban area that has undergone major change, for many different reasons and will be a focus in this unit of study. 

Task 3 - Watch the video beneath. Screen shot 5 modern day functions of Houston and annotate with key details. 
Task 4 - Find a suitable definition of gentrification, a defining image and a recent news story about the issues surrounding gentrification in a city somewhere in the world.

Site, Function & Land Use...
The site of a settlement is the land upon which it was built. There are a number of different factors that can determine the site of a settlement. These are:
  • wet point site - these are sites close to a supply of water
  • dry point site - these are sites that avoided the risk of flooding
  • defensive site - these were sites that were on high ground and allowed the inhabitants to see enemies from a distance
  • aspect - many settlements in the northern hemisphere are located on south facing sides of valleys where it is sunny
  • shelter - away from rain and prevailing winds
  • trading point - often settlements developed where natural training points meet such as along rivers or natural route ways​
  • resources - many settlements developed close to where natural resources could be found.

Task 1 - Study a Google map of Houston and try to identify which siting factors were responsible for the growth of Houston. 

​Task 2 -Study the land use map of Houston (right). 
Describe the land use patterns and functions in Houston. Ensure you make reference to:
Residential
​Commercial
Retail Concentrations
Green areas 
See example for New York in IB Textbook Page 332-333
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The hierarchy of settlements... 
The word hierarchy means an order or an importance and can be applied to a variety of settings. Think about your school and how it works in that setting. Now think of government or a football team and you'll also see this hierarchy at work too.

Task 1 - Match the following descriptions to the key term.
  • an area served by a settlement which can also be called its hinterland.
  • the absolute minimum number of people required to support a service and keep it in business?
  • the maximum distance that customers are prepared to travel to access a good or service. 
  •  convenience goods bought on a necessity basis and include items such as bread, milk or rice. 
  •  more luxurious or goods that are purchased on an infrequent basis and generally more costly such as tablet devices or cars. 

      Range       Sphere of influence        High Order Goods     

               Threshold                  
Low Order Goods    

Task 2 - 
Create your own mega diagram that incorporates the hierarchy triangle with the information to the right. 

Task 3 - Now watch the video embedded beneath taking notes as you go.
 

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ESRI MEGA CITY STORY MAP
Starter: Spend a little time exploring the Esri Story Map (link above). Pay particular attention to the increase in size of spread of the megacities in the study. 

​Now watch the video to the right hand side and take notes of the global patterns and trends associated with historical and future growth of megacities globally. 

Don't forget to make sure you know the reasons for growth. 

​
Case Study - Your focus for this piece of work in going to be Mumbai in India. 

You should watch the video to the right to get an idea of why the city has grown so quickly (note link to colonisation by the Portuguese) as well as modern day functions of industry, commerce and Bollywood. 


Task 1 - Open up GeoFile 696* (September 2013) - Mumbai: Case Study of a Megacity - and read over all the information within before completing the four questions on the back page.
mumbai_megacity_geofile.pdf
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Watch the documentary "Slumming It"  (above) showing life in Mumbai's largest slum (Dharavi). 
  • What can you learn about life in slums (catagorise your findings using SEEP)?
  • Describe and explain the pattern of informal activity in the city of Mumbai
megacities.pptx
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mumbai_–_a_mega_city-case_study_notes.docx
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URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS OVER TIME
Urban system growth including infrastructure improvements over time, such as transport, sanitation, water, waste disposal and telecommunications 
• Case study of infrastructure growth over time in one city - case study Mumbai, India.
Using the IB Geog Textbook P352-353, read the case study of infrastructure improvements for Shanghai, China.
We are going to produce a similar case study, but for the city of Mumbai.
Sections of your case study:
​
1. Changes in transport infrastructure in Mumbai
2. Access to water and sanitation in Mumbai
3. Waste water treatment in Mumbai
4. Access to telecommunications in Mumbai
​CASE STUDY: A CHANGING URBAN ENVIRONMENT, MUMBAI
Introduction:
Mumbai is a megacity and a world city and it is the economic powerhouse of India. Since 1971, the population of Mumbai has risen from 8 million in 1971 to 21 million today.  Mumbai's Central Business District is located at Nariman Point and it has a variety of functions including finance, trade, ICT, business and media.  
Mumbai is an island city and it has run out of space to expand. Therefore, a new town called Navi Mumbai has been constructed across the bay to ease the pressure on the city.
1. Changes in transport infrastructure in Mumbai
You should include:
Why transport needs improvement
How different modes of transport have been improved

​Include the following modes of transport: road, rail, water, air 
The benefits of the changes/any problems or difficulties

​From Mumbai Geofile (2013): Mumbai accounts for 40% of India’s foreign trade. The Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport is the main aviation hub in the city and the second busiest airport in India in terms of passenger traffic. It handled 30.74 million passengers and 656,369 tonnes of cargo during 2011-12. The capacity of the airport is being increased to handle up to 40 million passengers annually. A new international airport has been sanctioned by the Indian Government and will help relieve the increasing burden on the existing airport.
The Jawaharlal Nehru Port, which currently handles 55–60% of India’s containerised cargo, was commissioned in 1989. It is a hub port for the city and the Arabian 
Sea. Mumbai Port remains one of the world’s best natural harbours. It still deals with commercial cargo but has diversified into a destination for cruise ships and pleasure craft.
Mumbai is also the headquarters of two of Indian Railways’ zones: the Central Railway and the Western Railway. Therefore, the city is very well connected to most parts of India by long-distance trains.
Mumbai Urban Transport Project
Improving the Quality of Travel in Mumbai, India’s Commercial and Financial Capital

Spontaneous Settlement Growth
​
Large and successful settlements have developed because of a number of favourable factors that have allowed the settlement to grow, prosper and in turn attract more people to the area. At the start of this unit, we looked at the original siting factors for settlements and how some places will never support more than a handful of houses (hamlet) whereas others have grown into megacities (Tokyo/Yokohama). 

Environments that have traditionally encouraged settlement growth are located close to the sea (trade, exploration) and in temperate deciduous areas (annual leaf fall leading to good quality soil and therefore productive agriculture). They may have good links with inland areas too enabling those areas to also develop. If you study the megacities map above once again, you will see the vast majority of these urban areas are located on the coast or at the very least, on a large river a short distance from the sea. 


​Task 1 - Below you will see a four examples of urban models that aim to show how urban areas have grown over time. You are probably familiar with the Burgess Model (UK based) but the other three may be new to you. 

Compare and contrast the growth factors in the four models. Note: Vance's model is for the United States. 
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Urban Patterns
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urban_patterns.pptx
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deindustrialisation-in-detroit-usa.pptx
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detroit-case-study.docx
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Y12 Student Presentations: The Cycle of Urbanization:
urbanisation.pptx
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suburbanisation.pptx
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counter-urbanisation.pptx
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re-urbanisation_in_houston.pptx
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The factors affecting the location of residential areas in cities
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residential_areas_2018.pptx
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residential_areas_2019.pptx
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Answer this essay question: 
“Examine the factors that determine the socio-economic characteristics and location of residential areas within cities.” (10)

More help with residential areas case study detail (case study: Houston)
For the housing area that you have been given. Create a presentation and handout covering the following…
•Locate the residential area (use a map and describe the location), describe the city zone that it is located in (e.g. inner city, inner suburb, outer suburb).
•What is the level of wealth of that area? (think about cost of housing, average income, % of people living below the poverty line, percentage of owner occupied etc)
•What types of people live there? (e.g. wealth, age group, professions, ethnicity)?
•What housing types are common in that area and why?
•What is the quality of life like in that area? (e.g. quality of education, crime rates, access to services, walkability)?
•What do recent news articles say about this area? What issues is the area experiencing?
•Why is this area like it is? What factors influence the characteristics? e.g. history, land value, physical factors, ethnicity, urban residential planning etc
houston_residential_areas.pptx
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For your neighborhood presentation handout use the file below:
neighborhood_profile.docx
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The census data from the website below will help you complete your neighborhood profile:
https://www.houstoniamag.com/articles/2014/4/3/neighborhoods-by-the-numbers-april-2014

The Location of Economic Activity
Factors affecting the pattern of urban economic activities (retail, commercial, industrial), including physical factors, land values, proximity to a central business district (CBD) and planning.
We have already looked at the location of economic activity in Mumbai. See notes below. 
We will now look at the location of Economic Activity in Houston.
Task 1: Read and take notes on the factors affecting the pattern of urban economic activity (p340-344).
Task 2: Complete the table (see file below) to describe the locations and reasons for location of commercial, industrial and retail activity in the city of Houston (factors might include - physical factors, land values, proximity to a central business district (CBD) and planning).
what_is_the_location_of_houston_economic_activity.docx
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mumbai_economic_activity-student_fill_in_completed.docx
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the_location_of_economic_activity.pptx
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Urban deindustrialization - Focus on Detroit...
Whilst industry is booming in many MICs and LICs asa result of outsourcing and significant Direct Foreign Investment, there have been cases of severe urban deindustrialization in other parts of the world, notably in major HIC manufacturing cities such as Sheffield, UK (Steel),  Glasgow, UK (ship building) and Detroit, USA (car manufacturing). For the purposes of this section of work, we will be focusing on the USA and the city of Detroit. 

​To complete this case study, you will need to use the following resources:
  • Top 2 videos: Causes and consequences- 22 minute Journeyman documentary & Abandoned Skyscrapers of Detroit 
  • Bottom 2 videos: Responses - Eminem (Promient Rapper from Detroit) & President Donald Trump.
Timed Essay - 25 Minutes 
Examine the economic, demographic and social stresses resulting from deindustrialization (10 marks)
deindustrialisation-in-detroit-usa.pptx
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detroit-case-study.docx
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Alternate case study: London Docklands
london_docklands_case_study.doc
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london_docklands_geofile.pdf
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Urban Stress
What you'll need to know:
  • Urban microclimate modification and management, including the urban heat island effect, and air pollution patterns and its management  - Case study of air pollution in one city and its varying impact on people 
  • Traffic congestion patterns, trends and impacts - Case study of one affected city and the management response 
  • Contested land use changes, including slum clearances, urban redevelopment and the depletion of green space - Detailed contrasting examples of two affected neighbourhoodsand their populations 
  • Managing the impacts of urban social deprivation, including the cycle of deprivation and geographic patterns of crime


Urban Heat Islands and Air Pollution
What is an urban heat island?
An urban heat island is a city or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. 

Urban “heat islands” - average difference between CBD and countryside = +0.6oC(morning) and +3o/4oC (evening)

microclimate_and_urban_heat_islands1.pptx
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mexico_city_traffic_congestion_and_air_pollution.docx
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Take notes on the causes, impacts and management of the urban heat island effect, using Atlanta and/or Chicago as an example.
Air Pollution
Read the article: 
https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/nov/13/what-would-a-smog-free-city-look-like-air-pollution?
What can you learn about….
•The causes of air pollution
•The impacts of air pollution
•The management 
of air pollution

Case study of the varying impacts of air pollution: Mexico City
Here's eight reasons why you should be concerned about the air pollution in Mexico City
Haze Returns to Mexico City, Where Not Driving Is Hardly an Option
Mexico City Cleaned Up Its Act But Mexicans Don’t Believe It
Mexico City Looks for New Ways to Tame Air Pollution
DRIVING RESTRICTIONS - THE HOY NO CIRCULA
mexico_city_air_pollution_case_study.docx
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mexico_city_traffic_congestion_and_air_pollution.docx
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Traffic Congestion
Objectives:
•Traffic congestion patterns, trends and impacts 
•Case study of one affected city and the management response - CS Mexico City

traffic_congestion_factfile.docx
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Example exam  questions - urban microclimates, air pollution and traffic congestion:
Examine the impacts of traffic congestion on one named city you have studied (10) 
Examine a management response to traffic congestion for one named city you have studied (10)
Evaluate the success of strategies designed to manage traffic congestion in one named urban area (10)
With reference to one named example, evaluate the success of a strategy designed to manage air pollution in an urban area. (10)
Discuss the varying effects of air pollution in one named​ urban area (10)
 Examine the effects of human activity on the climate of urban areas (10)

urban_stress_crime.pptx
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Urban Stress
Objective: Managing the impacts of urban social deprivation, including the cycle of deprivation and geographic patterns of crime

Managing the impacts of urban social deprivation...
​Detroit has experienced the impacts of deindustrialization on a city. This link from the New York Times provides an outline of the issues. 

Managing Crime in Detroit
Task 1 - The cycle of deprivation model (urban deindustrialization) can be applied to Detroit. You can find information this through reading this PDF report (source). 

Task 2 - This link has lots of data about crime patterns in Detroit. Study the embedded heat map carefully as well as the graphs beneath. Take notes on the key data surrounding crime in Detroit. 

Task 3 - Now visit this live crime map of Detroit. This will show you incidences of crime in the last 7 days (from the day you access the site). Use the menu to search the patterns of different types of crime. Make a note of the number of recorded cases of homicide in the last 7 days. 
Project Green Light Detroit
Does Detroit's Project Green Light really make the city safer?
Some businesses question fairness of Green Light effort
The map below shows Green Light Partners around the city of Detroit. 

Task 4 - Are there patterns between the locations of Green Light Partners and certain types of crime as indicated by the live map in Task 3? 
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In Detroit, the end of blight is in sight

Exam question: Evaluate the responses to urban deprivation and their impacts in one urban area." (10)

URBAN STRESS CONTINUED!
CONTESTED LAND-USE CHANGES
IB Objective:
•Contested land use changes, including slum clearances, urban redevelopment and the depletion of green space
-Detailed contrasting examples of two affected neighborhoods and their populations

vila-autodromo.pdf
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contensted-land-use-changes.pptx
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sustainable_cities_for_the_future.ppt
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  • Middle School
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          • What are the issues in MEDCs? Case study Japan
        • How can we ensure responsible consumption and production? >
          • The chocolate trade
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        • What makes a disaster?
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          • Case Study 2: Moore Tornado
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          • Case Study 3
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      • Topic 2: The Changing Story of Power >
        • Part 1: From King to Parliament >
          • Case Study: English Kings
          • Could Kings do what ever they wanted?
          • The growth of Parliament
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        • Part 2: From Parliament to People >
          • The Enlightenment
          • The American War of Independence
          • Why were the French so Angry?
          • How did the Enlightenment affect Britain?
          • The Fight for Women's Rights
          • Did the militant actions of the Suffragettes help or hinder the cause of votes for women?
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        • Assessment >
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      • Topic 3: How can we become positive change makers? >
        • Our World in 2045
        • What are the long-term causes of climate change?
        • The Industrial Revolution and climate
        • significant Inventions
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        • The enhanced Greenhouse effect
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        • Is the World that bad?
        • What is the problem with plastic?
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        • Earth Day
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        • Biomes
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        • 1. The Ancient World >
          • a. Prehistoric Life >
            • Middle School History
          • b. Egypt or Rome? >
            • Historical Enquiry - Comparing Ancient Societies
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          • Assessment
        • 2. The Medieval World >
          • "Muck and Misery" Investigation
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          • Medieval Baghdad
        • 3. The American West >
          • Native American Culture
          • The First Settlers
          • Pioneers
          • Cowboys and cow towns
          • Impact of settlement on the Native Americans
          • Assessment
        • 4. The Industrial World >
          • The Urban Game
        • 5. Civil Rights
        • 8 . Digital Library
  • HS Geography
    • IB Geography >
      • Introduction to IB Geography
      • Paper 1- Geographic Themes >
        • Urban Environments >
          • Urban sections 1-3
          • Sustainable Cities
        • Leisure, sport and Tourism >
          • Introduction to Leisure, sport and tourism
          • A global sporting event- The Olympics
          • Managing Rural Tourism Hotspots
          • Managing urban tourism hotspots
          • Tourism as a development strategy
          • Sustainable tourism
          • Variations in Sphere of Influence
          • The impact of Rural festivals
        • Geophysical Hazards >
          • Earthquakes
          • Volcanoes
          • Landslides
      • Paper 2: Geographic perspectives >
        • Changing populations >
          • Population density
          • Processes of population change >
            • Megacities
            • Forced migration
          • Possibilities of population change >
            • Aging population
            • Population policies
            • Gender Equality
            • Human trafficking
            • Demographic dividend
          • Debate: Should the UN curb population growth?
          • Population revision
        • Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience >
          • The causes of global climate change
          • Impacts of climate change
          • ​Disparities in exposure to climate change risk and vulnerability
          • GOVERNMENT LED ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES
          • Civil society and corporate strategies to address climate change
        • Global resource consumption and security >
          • Global trends in consumption >
            • GLOBAL AND REGIONAL/CONTINENTAL PROGRESS TOWARDS POVERTY REDUCTION.
            • Measuring trends in global consumption
            • Patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of water
            • Global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of land/food
            • Global patterns and trends in the availability and consumption of energy
          • Nexus thinking >
            • Two countries with contrasting levels of resource security...
            • Waste disposal and recycling
          • Resource Stewardship >
            • Divergent thinking about population and resource consumption trends
            • The circular economy
        • Infographics
      • Paper 3: Global Interactions >
        • Power, place and networks >
          • Global networks and flows
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          • Human and physical influences on global interactions
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          • Development opportunities
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          • Cultural Hybridity
          • Local responses to global interactions
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      • IB Revision- mocks 2021
      • IB Revision
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      • Extended Essay in Geography
    • New IGCSE Edexcel Geography >
      • Paper 1 - Physical Geography >
        • Hazardous Environments
      • Paper 2 - Human Geography >
        • Urban Environments
        • Economic Activity and Energy
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    • IGCSE Geography >
      • Population and Settlement >
        • Population >
          • Why is population growing?
          • Population density and distribution
          • Over and Under population
          • Dependent populations
          • Population policy: One Child policy China
          • HIV and AIDs
          • Migration
          • Population revision
          • Debate: Should the UN curb population growth?
        • Settlement >
          • Settlement and service provision
          • Urbanisation
      • Natural Environment >
        • Earthquakes and Volcanoes >
          • Plate tectonics
          • Case study of a volcano: Montserrat
          • Haiti Earthquake
          • Why do people live in hazardous areas?
          • Tectonics revision
          • REVISION- WHAT HAPPENS AT TECTONIC PLATES?
        • Rivers >
          • Hydrological characteristics and processes
          • River Landforms
          • Benefits and threats of rivers
          • Management of rivers: Hard and Soft engineering
          • Rivers revison
        • Coasts >
          • Coastal processes
          • Coastal management
          • Different coastal environments
          • Mangroves
          • Hurricanes- cyclone Alia, Bangladesh
          • Hurricanes- Hurricane Harvey
          • Coasts revision
          • Coastal skills
        • Weather and Climate >
          • Weather measurements
          • The Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem
          • Deserts
          • Climate and vegetation revsion
      • Economic Development >
        • 3.1 Development
        • Industry
        • Globalisation
        • Food production
        • Water
        • Tourism
        • Energy
        • Environmental risks of economic development
        • economic development revision
      • Geographical Enquiry
      • Paper 2 Geographical Skills
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      • IGCSE Revision
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  • HS Economics
    • IB ECONOMICS TEACHER PAGES >
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      • 1.0 THE BASIC ECONOMIC PROBLEM
      • 2.0 HOW MARKETS WORK AND MARKET FAILURE
      • 3.0 THE INDIVIDUAL AS PRODUCER, CONSUMER AND BORROWER >
        • 3.3 Workers
        • 3.4 Firms
        • 3.5 Small firms and causes and forms of the growth of firms
        • 3.6 Economies and diseconomies of scale
        • 3.7 Firms costs, revenues and objectives
        • 3.8 Firms and Production
        • 3.9.5 Monopoly Markets
      • REVISION OF UNITS 1, 2 AND 3
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      • 4.0 THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN AN ECONOMY >
        • 4.1 Introduction to Macroeconomics
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        • 4.2.3 Economic Growth
        • 4.7 EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT
        • 4.8 INFLATION
        • 4.4.0 FISCAL POLICY
        • 4.4.1 MONETARY POLICY
        • 4.1.2 SUPPLY-SIDE POLICIES AND MACROECONOMICS REVISION
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        • Top Trumps: Economic Development
        • 5.1 DIFFERENCES IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
        • 5.3.1 POVERTY
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      • 6.0 INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS >
        • 6.2 ​GLOBALISATION, FREE TRADE AND PROTECTION
        • 6.3 EXCHANGE RATES AND THE CURRENT ACCOUNT
      • iGCSE Economics Revision Sessions - May 23rd to June 1st
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    • Year 12 >
      • 1. Introduction to Economics
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        • 2.A. COMPETITIVE MARKETS: DEMAND AND SUPPLY >
          • HL Demand FE 2022
        • 2.B.ELASTICITIES
        • 2.C.GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION >
          • INQUIRY: EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN ACHIEVING SDG 12: RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION
          • HL 2020 Government intervention
        • 2.D.MARKET FAILURE >
          • To What Extent Does the American Health Care Market Represent a Market Failure?
        • HL: RATIONAL PRODUCER BEHAVIOR
        • 2.E.THE THEORY OF THE FIRM 1: PRODUCTION, COSTS, REVENUES, AND PROFIT HL
        • 2.F.THE THEORY OF THE FIRM II: MARKET STRUCTURES HL
        • Real World Examples: Theory of the Firm
      • 3. Macroeconomics >
        • 2A. THE LEVEL OF OVERALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
        • 2B. AGGREGATE DEMAND
        • 2C. AGGREGATE SUPPLY
        • THE MULTIPLIER (HL)
        • INFLATION
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        • LOW UNEMPLOYMENT
        • EQUITY IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME
        • ECONOMIC GROWTH
        • OVERVIEW OF DEMAND-SIDE AND SUPPLY-SIDE POLICIES
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        • MONETARY POLICY
        • SUPPLY-SIDE POLICIES
      • Exam Papers
      • IA's >
        • IA Marking Exercise
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      • Extended Essay in Economics
      • SUMMER LEARNING
    • Year 13 >
      • 4. International Economics >
        • 4.A.International trade
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        • 4.C.Economics integration and the terms of trade
        • 4.D.Be ambitious resources
      • 5. Development Economics >
        • Understanding Economic Development
        • Topics in Economic Development
        • Foreign sources of finance and foreign debt
        • Consequences of economic growth and the balance between markets and intervention
      • IB Economics - Exams
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  • HS History
    • What is History?
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      • Paper 1 - Prescribed Subject >
        • Military Leaders >
          • Genghis Khan 1200-1227 >
            • Introduction to the Mongols
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            • Rise to Power
            • Military Might
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            • Campaigns in China and Asia
            • Impact of the Mongols
            • TOK - Genghis
          • King Richard I of England 1173-1199 >
            • Medieval England
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          • Paper 1: Rights and Protest
          • Source Skills
      • Paper 2 - World History Topics >
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        • Authoritarian States >
          • Theory
          • MCA Feedback and Reflection
          • Hitler >
            • Emergence and rise to power >
              • HOW MUCH HOPE WAS THERE FOR THE SURVIVAL OF THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC 1919-29?
              • HOW DID THE AIMS AND IDEOLOGY OF THE NAZI PARTY DEVELOP BETWEEN 1919-1923
              • HOW FAR DID THE CONDITIONS OF 1929-33CONTRIBUTE TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NAZI STATE?
              • WHERE DID SUPPORT FOR NATIONAL SOCIALISM COME FROM?
            • Consolidation and maintenance of power >
              • HOW DID HITLER CONSOLIDATE HIS POWER TO CREATE AN AUTHORITARIAN REGIME?
              • WHAT PART DID PERSONALITY AND PROPAGANDA PLAY IN THE CONSOLIDATION OF POWER?
              • WHAT WERE THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIONAL SOCIALIST GOVERNMENT?
              • WHAT WAS THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF OPPOSITION TO NAZI RULE AND HOW WAS IT DEALT WITH?
              • WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN POLICY ON HITLER'S CONSOLIDATION AND MAINTENANCE OF POWER?
            • Aims and results of policies
          • Mao >
            • Emergence and Rise to Power
            • Consolidation and maintenance of power
            • Aims and results of policies
          • Castro >
            • Castro RTP
            • Castro Establisment and consolidation
            • Castro: Aims and results of policies
          • Policies In Germany and Cuba >
            • Nazi Policies - Aims and outcomes
            • Castro Policies - Aims and Outcomes
        • Independence movements 1800 - 2000 >
          • Ireland - Europe >
            • 1. The origins rise and rise of independence movements >
              • 1.a. WHAT SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT?
              • 1.b. EARLY INDEPENDENCE CAMPAIGNING - WOLFE TONE
              • 1.c. SOCIAL DIVISIONS WITHIN IRELAND
              • 1.d. ECONOMIC FACTORS
              • 1.e. WHAT POLITICAL FACTORS LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT IN IRELAND?
              • f. What external factors were important in creating an independence movement.
            • 2. Methods used and reasons for success >
              • 2. a WHAT METHODS WERE USED IN THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE 1867 TO 1900? >
                • 2.b.​WHY DID THE INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT SUCCEED?
                • 2.b. WHAT WERE THE ROLES OF MICHAEL COLLINS AND EAMON DE VALERA IN THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE?
                • 2.c.
            • 3. Challenges faced in the first 10 years after independence; and the responses to those challenges. >
              • 3.a.
              • 3.b.
              • 3.c.
              • 3.d.
              • 3.e.
            • IRISH 'BE AMBITIOUS' RESOURCES
          • India - Asia >
            • Origin and rise of the Independence Movement >
              • 1857 and Colonial India
              • The Growth of Nationalism
              • Factors in the rise of the Independence Movement
            • Methods and success of the Independence Movement >
              • Leadership in India
              • Why did India win independence?
            • Challenges facing the newly independent state
          • Cuba - The Americas >
            • origins of Cuban Independence before 1823
      • Paper 3 - History of Europe >
        • THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 1774 TO 1815 >
          • The Enlightenment
          • The Origins of the French Revolution
          • 1789: THE END OF THE ANCIEN REGIME
          • Establishing a Constitutional Monarchy
          • Revolutionary War and overthrow of the Monarchy 1792 - 93
          • Government by Terror 1793-4
          • THERMIDORIAN REACTION AND THE DIRECTORY 1794-9
          • THE IMPACT OF THE REVOLUTION
          • NAPOLEON: CONSULATE AND EMPIRE
          • DIGITAL RESOURCES: FRENCH REVOLUTION
        • Imperial Russia 1854 - 1924 >
          • Alexander II
          • Alexander III and Nicholas I
          • 1905 - Revolution
          • Nicholas II and the impact of the First World War
          • The Revolution 1917
          • Lenin and the Soviet Union
      • Internal Assessment (IA) >
        • Formulating a Question
        • Initial Proposal
        • IA Section 1
        • IA Section 2
        • IA Section 3
        • IA Referencing
        • Marking Exercise
        • Timeline Class of 2018
      • Core >
        • Extended Essay
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    • New IGCSE Edexcel History >
      • A1 Origins & Course of WW1
      • B2 Changes in Medicine
      • D3 Weimar & Nazi Germany
    • IGCSE Cambridge History >
      • Revision Checklists
      • REVISION Past Papers >
        • MODEL Paper 1
        • MODEL Paper 2 >
          • MODEL Paper 2: Cold War Causes
          • MODEL Paper 2: Treaties
      • Depth Study A: WW1 >
        • 1. Why was war not over by December 1914?
        • 2. Why was there stalemate on the Western Front?
        • 3. How important were other fronts?
        • 4. Why did Germany ask for an armistice in 1918?
        • WW1 EXAM QUESTIONS
      • Core Content 1: Treaties
      • Core Content 2 & 3: League 20s & 30s
      • Core Content 4 : Blame for Cold War?
      • Core Content 5: Cold War Conflicts
      • Depth Study B: Germany >
        • 1. Was the Weimar Republic doomed from start?
        • 2. Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934?
        • 3a. How effectively did the Nazis control Germany?
        • 3b. What was it like to live in Nazi Germany?
  • SOCIOLOGY HOME
    • Unit 1: Theory and Methods >
      • How do sociologists study society?
    • Unit 4: Family
    • The story of Power England
  • TEACHER PAGES
    • Mrs Bennett
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  • LEADERSHIP ENRICHMENT
    • Year 9 - Leadership Enrichment >
      • Leadership Styles
      • Planning an Event - The Music Festival >
        • Decision 1 - What is our Vision?
        • Decision 2 - The Line Up
        • Decision 3 - Event Planning
        • Decision 4 - Event Organisation
        • Decision 5 - Advertising
        • Decision 6 - Final Costings
        • Decision 7 - Our Pitch
      • Review and Reflection
  • GLOBAL JUSTICE LEAGUE OF BISH
    • GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP IGCSE >
      • Theme 1: Politics and Governance
      • Theme 2 - Economic development and the environment
    • BIS Houston MUN - April 6th-8th 2022
    • 2023 ​TEXAS STATE MOCK TRIAL COMPETITION TEAM
    • ORGANISORS PAGE BISHMUN 2022
    • TED X CONFERENCE 2022
  • YEAR 9 ​ENRICHMENT: ​GENERAL ASSEMBLY: ​CLIMATE CHANGE
  • History Digital Research Library
  • New Page
  • Week 10 - Dealing with Conflict